2021年山东职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

2021年山东职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Human Nose 2.Human Nose 3.Human Nose 4.Human Nose 5. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 BNorwich/B Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum. At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England. With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions. The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter. This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently. Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England. It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year. Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia. was built in Norwich. With its fast-frowing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre (Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London), the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres. There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow. The team is known as "The Canaries (金丝雀)",though nobody can be sure why. Now the citys attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called "The Castle Mall". The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park. Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development. Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.The River Wensum flows by Norwich. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 6.B第三篇/B B Problems of the Elderly/B Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic (慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care throught their lives. Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises, thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation. Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent. Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to retire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security system, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future. Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of self-worth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modern societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community.According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT a problem of aging AGradual loss of hearing.BGradual loss of courage.CGradual loss of sight.DGradual loss of memory. 7.B第二篇/BB Valuing Childhood/B The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in todays world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the Jonesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11 year old girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldnt begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy (妒忌) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girls bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption (拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not - cannot be - dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. Thats why politicians cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources. Family instability con tributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether theyre doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance (遵守). The goal, ultimately, is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年), so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who dont go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provideand which progressive human society relies on.The two boys in Chicago were _. AshotBmurderedCsentencedDaccused 8. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Attention to the Details 1Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do- especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves ," he says.2"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains. Some candidates dont bother to spell the companys name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, "Crossley concludes. "if they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job"3Can we pay too much attention to details Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees, "says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont we should drop them and move to something else."4Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time." says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. "Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.5Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.Paragraph 2 _A Dont Be a PerfectionistB The Benefits of Knowing Where We Want to GoC Hard Work Plus Good LuckD The Outcomes of Our EffortsE The Importance of Attention to DetailF Constantly Asking Ourselves about Details 9. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/B B Shakespeare/B When talking about the worlds greatest poet and greatest dramatist, only one name can possible suggest itself;that of William Shakespeare. Nearly every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of this greatest writer. We use words, phrases and quotations form Shakespeares writings that have become part of the common property of English-peaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use. For example, and old lady, after seeing a performance of Hamlet complained, "It was full of well-known proverbs and quotations!" Shakespeare made full use of the great resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort, even thought some aspects of English and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeares day. It is a pity that we know so little about the life of the greatest English author. We only know that he was born in 1564 in Stratford on Avon, and that then died there in 1616. He almost certainly attended the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know he was married there in 1582 and had three children. We know that he spent much of his life in London, writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know. However, what is important about Shakespeares life is not its incidental details but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeares life to the small number we already posses and for an equally long time critics have been theorizing about the plays. Sometimes indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear beneath the great mass of comment that has been written upon it. Fortunately this is not likely to happen. Shakespeares poetry and Shakespeares characters (Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet and all the others) have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and commentators and all their works have been forgotten.How can we best describe the popularity of Shakespeares works among the English speaking people AMost of the people have taken courses in Shakespeares works.BThe English-speaking people like to mention the names of Shakespeares works.CMost of the people know clearly how to use the words and phrases from Shakespeares works.DMany of the words and phrases used by the English-speaking people are taken from Shakespeares works. 10. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B How the Body Keeps the Same Temperature/B The temperature of your body should be always just the same, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor uses his thermometer when you are sick. When you are well, your temperature is ninety-eight and six tenths degrees. If he finds itU (51) /Uthan that, it is a sure sign that something is wrong. The body keeps the same temperature all the time, because it balances (平衡) the heat it produces andU (52) /Uoff. It is always burning up food and producing heat. It can produce heat faster when it needs to or give off heat faster when it becomes too warm. Lets seeU (53) /Uthis happens. The heat of your body is given off chiefly through the skin. When you areU (54) /U, your skin is tight and shows "goose flesh". When you get chilly (寒冷的),you must dance around to keep warm orU (55) /Uyou will shiver (颤抖).U (56) /Uyour muscles begin to work, burn up fuel, and produce more heat. It is notU (57) /Uto shiver, so you usually prefer warming up by exercise, or putU (58) /Umore clothes to keep heat in. When you are warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so suppliedU (59) /Ublood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too hot, you begin to sweat, andU (60) /Ubody heat is used in evaporating (蒸发) the moisture (潮湿) from your skin. You wear less clothing, too, in warm U (61) /Uor in a warm room, so that warmth can be given off freely. You feel you dontU (62) /U exercising because your body is warmU (63) /U, and the extra heat produced by exercise makes you uncomfortable. You can see from this why youU (64) /Udifferently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is warm, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feelU (65) /U You want to run and play. AtallerBbetterCsuperiorDhigher 11. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Attention to the Details 1Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do- especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves ," he says.2"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains. Some candidates dont bother to spell the companys name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, "Crossley concludes. "if they can