2021吉林大学英语考试真题卷（4）.docx

2021吉林大学英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.What does he need to do as a taxi driverATo give travel information to passengers.BTo know his way around the city very well.CTo spend a lot of time waiting at stations.DTo predict where he will find work. 2.BTEXT B/B Dwight attended Lincoln elementary school, directly across the street from his home. The curriculum emphasized rote learning. "The darkness of the classrooms on a winter day and the monotonous hum of recitation," Eisenhower wrote in his memoirs, ". are my sole surviving memories. I was either a lackluster student or involved in a lackluster program." He came to life for the spelling bee and arithmetic. Spelling contests aroused in him his competitive drive and his hatred of careless mistakeshe became a self-confessed martinet on the subject of orthography. Arithmetic appealed to him because it was logical and straightforwardan answer was either right or wrong. The subject that really excited him, however, was one that he pursued on his owns military history. He became so engrossed in it, in fact, that he neglected his chores and his schoolwork. His first hero was Hannibal. Then he became a student of the American Revolution, and George Washington excited his admiration. He talked history to his classmates so frequently that his senior yearbook predicted that he would become a professor of history at Yale (it also predicted that Edgar would become a two-term President of the United States). During Dwights high school years his interests were, in order of importance, sports, work, studies, and girls. He was shy around the girls and in any case wanted to impress his male classmates as a regular fellow, just one of the gang. Paying too much attention to the girls was considered somewhat sissy. He was careless of his dress, his hair was usually uncombed, and he was a terrible dancer on the few occasions he tried the dance floor. Studies came easily to him and he made good to excellent grades without exerting himself. He got all Bs in his freshman year, when the subjects were English, physical geography, algebra, and German. He did a bit better the next year, and as a junior and senior he was an A or A-plus student in English, history, and geometry. His sole B was in Latin. Sports, especially football and baseball, were the center of his life. He expended far more energy on sports than he put .into his studies. He was a good, but not outstanding, athlete. He was well coordinated, but slow of foot. He weighed only 150 pounds. His chief asset was his will to win. He loved the challenge of the games themselves, enjoyed the competition with older and bigger boys, bubbled over with pleasure at hitting a single to drive in the winning run or at throwing the other teams star halfback for a loss. It was in sports that he first discovered his talents as a leader and an organizer. As a boy, he provided the energy and leadership that led to a Saturday-afternoon game of football or baseball. Later, he was the one who organized the Abilene High School Athletic Association, which operated independently of the school system. Little Ike wrote to schools in the area to make up a schedule, and solved the problem of transportation by hustling his team onto freight trains for a free ride from Abilene to the site of the contest. He also organized camping and hunting trips. He got the boys together, collected the money, hired the livery rig to take them to the camping site, bought the food, and did the cooking. The central importance of sports, hunting, and fishing to Little Ike cannot be overemphasized. He literally could not imagine life without them. People believed that Dwight would someday become a professor because of _.Ahis eager pursuit of military historyBhis excellent grades in all subjectsChis remarkable memoryDhis organizational ability 3.BTEXT C/B I remember Max very well. He had a Ph. D. from Princeton. He was a Chaucerian. He was brilliant( eloquent, and professorial. He possessed everything respectable in a human beinga good mind, a sound professional ethic, a sense of learnings place in the universe. Max was truly an educator. But there is one thing I havent told you about Max: I hated his guts. Max was my freshman-English teacher. And while he was, in a sense, everything I desired to be (that is, a gentleman and a scholar), he was also a man who fgrce-fed me for 15 weeks on literature and grammar (and what a foul stew it was!) Today, I am a college teacher myself, and have discovered that very few students are encountering their own version of Max. This is not to say that younger, ,up-and-coming professors are less erudite or well trained than Max was. On the contrary, the scarcity, of academic job opportunities has virtually assured that colleges can choose from among the best-trained young scholars in the world. Neither am I suggesting that it is impossible for a student to find a genuinely loathsome professor. (I have enough personal evidence that the potential, for real, animosity between teacher and student does exist. We all have encountered the student who fantasized the most heinous retribution for that despicable faculty member who dared give him a C.) What made Max unique was neither his mental prowess nor his propensity to be disliked. Rather, it was his aloofness. Max didnt "care" about his students. He wasnt worried about whether they were passing his course. He didnt really seem concerned that most. of them never expresaed a passion for the subjects of his lectures. Arid, most of all, Max didnt give a damn how his students felt about him. Chances are, most students are thankful that "Maxish" professors are an endangered species. Further, Ill wager that many professors are proud and pleased they are not Maxes (or Maxines). The reason is that, :today, c011ege teachers, individually and collectively, "care" about their students. The explanation for the decline in Maxism is not really relewnt to my point, but one might nonetheless speculate that a general decline in college enrollment, and consequently in available teaching positions, has led some young professors to believe that. they here to be popular. The college classroom has become, for some of these ".hungry" young men and women, a battleground in; their war against job insecurity. Their weapons are a strong response demonstrated by their students (in terms of attendance) coupled with ostensibly strong acceptance (in terms of student evaluationswhich actually measure little more than the congeniality of the professor). The knowledge that academics are more sympathetic to their students than Max was would be heartening, indeed, except for one very curious fact: Max was the best teacher I ever had. Thats right. The very best teacher I ever had was the one who didnt give a damn about me or anyone else, the one who never tried to make me feel "comfortable," who didn t even know my name. In order to win "their war against job insecurity", todays college professors do all of the following EXCEPT _.Aseeing that students show strong response in classBensuring that they get favorable evaluations from the studentsCbeing congenial and sympathetic to their studentsDbeing conscientious in imparting knowledge 4.Having heard that Toronto was becoming one of the continents noblest cities, we flew from New York to investigate. New Yorkers proud of their citys reputation and concerned about challenges to its stature have little to Worry about. After three days in residence, our delegation noted an absence of shrieking police and fire sirens at 3 A.M.or any other hour, for that matter. We spoke to the city authorities about this. What kind of city was it, we asked, that expected its citizens to sleep all night and rise refreshed in the morning Where was the incentive to awaken gummy-eyed and exhausted, ready to scream at the first person one saw in the morning How could Toronto possibly hope to maintain a robust urban divorce rate Our criticism went unheeded, such is the torpor with which Toronto pursues true urbanity. The fact appears to be that Toronto has very little grasp of what is required of a great city. Consider the garbage picture. It seems never to have occurred to anybody in Toronto that garbage exists to be heaved into the streets. One can drive for miles without seeing so much as a banana peel in the gutter or a discarded newspaper whirling in the wind. Nor has Toronto learned about dogs. A check with the authorities confirmed that, yes, there are indeed dogs resident in Toronto, but one would never realize it by walking the sidewalks. Our delegation was shocked by the presumption of a towrs calling itself a city, much less a great city, when it obviously knows nothing of either garbage or dogs. The subway, on which Toronto prides itself, was a laughable imitation of the real thing. The subway cars were not only spotlessly clean, but also fully illuminated. So were the stations. To New Yorkers, it was embarrassing, and we hadnt the heart to tell the subway authorities that they were light-years away from greatness. We did, however, tell them about spray paints and how effectively a few hundred children equipped with spray-paint cans could at least give their subway the big-city look. It seems doubtful they are ready to take such hints. There is a disturbing distaste for vandalism in Toronto which will make it hard for the city to enter wholeheartedly into the vigour of the late twentieth century. A board fence surrounding a huge excavation for a new high-rise building in the downtown district offers depressing evidence of Torontos lack of big-city impulse. Embedded in the fence at intervals of about fifty feet are loudspeakers that play recorded music for passing pedestrians. Not a single one of these loudspeakers has been mutilated. Whats worse, not a single one has been stolen. It was good to get back to the Big Apple. My coat pocket was bulging with candy wrappers from Toronto andsuch is the lingering power of Torontoit took me two or three hours back in New York before it seemed natural again to toss them into the street.The author seems to suggest that high divorce rate is related to _.Apolice and fire sirensBnoises that keep people awake at nightCtrue urbanityDsore eyes 5.BTEXT A/B In May 1995, Andrew Lloyd Webber, creator of a string of international hit musicals and a very wealthy man, spent U. S. 29.2 million on Picassos "Portrait of Angel Fernanders de Soto. It was the highest price paid at auction for a painting since the art market crashed in 1990. Lloyd Webber has a theory that Picassos Blue Period paintings were influenced by Burne-Jones, the British Pre-Raphaelite master whose international reputation stood high at the turn of the century. The theory is not shared by many art historians, but that doesnt matter to the composer. He had been looking for a Blue Period Picasso for some time. It is now extremely hard to come by Blue Period Picassosfigurative works that are drenched in melancholy, expressed by a dominant use of blue. Blue Period subjects par excellence are mothers and children or harlequins; Lloyd Webbers purchase is not the most attractive of them. He paid roughly double what the picture was worth. He seems to have got carried away when the bidding started to climb. The Picasso was one of the two highest prices of the 19941995 auction season, and help illustrate what has been happening in this curious market. The very rich have got their confidence back, which has meant that buyers can be found for works of really outstanding quality and, very occasionally, bidding battles have driven prices back to their 19891990 levels. The 1980s boom collapsed in 1990. After several false dawns there are now signs that serious recovery has begun. More than an expansion of the market, however, it reflects the relative weakness of the American dollar, the currency in which most art deals are transacted. Collectors from countries with stronger currencies have been finding dollar prices cheap. The middle market is still fairly weak. It is not unusual for up to half the lots on offer at a Christies or Sothebys sale to be left unsold. Dealers, as opposed to auctioneers, are still finding it bard to make a living and seldom buy for stock. The auctioneers have tried to replace them by encouraging private people to buy directly at auctionand more of them are doing this. But private buying is unpredictable and cannot underpin the market in the way dealer buying used to. Private individuals buy what they want; they dont bid on everything that is going cheap. Overall, the nature of the market is changing. In the 1980s art was bought as a speculation: buy in April, sell for double the price in September. This mentality vanished with the 1990 collapse, but the very rich and their financial advisors still take the view that it is sensible to keep a percentage of your investment portfolio in art. It is this kind of money that creates the fancy prices at the top end of the market. Geographically, the present recovery has been led by North America. Normally a major recession, such as was experienced in the United States, results in a shift of taste. But the Americans liked Impressionist and classic modern pictures best before the market collapse and that is what they have been coming back to. It is currently the strongest sector of the picture market. Contemporary and Old Master markets are still struggling and there are few buyers for Victorian pictures, apart from Lloyd Webber. Besides Europe and America, however, there is now a growing market in the East. Indeed, the East has become the great hope of hard-pressed dealers over the last three yearsthey have been aiming to find new buyers in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. There are more rich connoisseurs in Japan than anywhere else but they have not been in a buying mood. Japanese speculators lost huge amounts of money in the 1990s crash and there are few collectors who dare to buy any works of art today. The market in Chinese ceramics, works of art, jade jewelry and old and modern brush paintings is now dominated worldwide by wealthy collectors from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. The huge volume of excavated art that is smuggled out of China has dramatically weakened the archaeological end of this market but rarities, especially the late imperial porcelains, are gelling well. There have even been two or three successful auctions inside China since 1994. The local millionaires ar