2021年江苏职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

2021年江苏职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B第二篇/B BAdaptation of Living Things/B Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.Which of the following is not directly mentioned AA living thing may adapt in its structure.BAn organism may adapt in its function.CA living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.DA living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit. 2. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。 B第一篇/B BAttitudes to AIDS Now/B Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they dont know theres no cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS epidemic is over," a new survey finds. The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worded that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths. "While people are very optimistic about the advances, theyre still realistic about the fact that there is no cure." says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation. The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking A1DS as the countrys top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser Poll, 38% say its the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987. Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and October and asked additional questions of another 1,000 adults in November: 52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995. 51% say the government spends too little on AIDS. 86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are not cures.67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24% know deaths fell. Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, "Im encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isnt over. I hope tho decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message ." We have seen signs of complacency.The word "message" in the last paragraph means _. Aprinted newsBcontactCmeaningDcentral idea 3. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项。 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (使车辆不能调动的装置), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the.thief switches the engine (1) , he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices (2) only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and (3) be available to ordinary cars in the UK (4) two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates (5) miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. (6) the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine (7) restarted. There are even plans for immobilizers (8) shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making (9) harder for car thieves. "The pattern of vehicles crime has changed," says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part (10) the motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to (11) a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only ifthe caris more than 10 years old. Modem cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not (12) tthem to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this (13) achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals ore still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owners keys double the previous years figure. Remote-controlled immobilization system would (14) a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology finns have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the (15) expects. immobilizer n. 使车辆不能调动的装置 trickle v.慢慢移动 cellphonen.移动电话，手机 immobilization n.使车辆不能调动 ignition n.点火 burglaryn.夜窍行为；盗窃 1. A. off B. on C. at D. of 2. A. is B. was C. were D. are 3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should 4. A. after B. for C. in D. at 5. A. the B. / C. a D. an 6. A. With B. If C. But D. And 7. A. helping B. being C. get. D. be 8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when 9. A. life B. Cars C. warning D. problem 10. A. about B. to C. by D. on 11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach 12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give 13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped 14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put 15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist 4.第三篇 Inspecting a Used Car The scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure of what condition its in. A car thats been in a major accident is always a bigger risk, but sellers often try to hide this information. Andrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in Montreal. For about $ 80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used vehicle. In his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lot. He warns. "Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are used, not new. They may have been in a collision." He adds that it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the odometer or to even disengage it. Bleakiey has special tools to check for this. Bleakley always recommends hiring all independent technician to inspect the condition of a. used car before you buy it. The problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection. Which he says generally doesnt mean just any mechanic. A thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression, all major systems, including the engine, electrical and charging systems, transmission and drive line, fluids, brakes, suspension, and steering. Essential, too, is all inspection of the cars body and finally a road test. There are, however, a few things everyone can do before buying a used car: Do a visual check of the car. Look at the right rear door hinges. If they are very worn, or the door doesnt close well, the car may have been used as a taxi. Holes in the roof could mean the car was used for deliveries. Check for oil leaks on the pavement. Note that leaks are not necessarily a significant problem it depends on the cause. Dont assume that new looking brake and accelerator pedals mean the car hasht been driven much. Resellers know people check these details and can buy new pads for around $ 6. Copy down the vehicle identification number (VIN). a 17-character combination of numbers and letters, from the vehicles dashboard. In Ontado, ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package. This gives details of previous owners, any outstanding liens on the car, and the fair market value of the vehicle. collision n. 碰撞；碰撞事故 odometer n.里程表 compression n. 压缩；压缩量 pedal n.踏脚 lien n. 扣押权 unscrupulous adj.不择手段的 disengage v. 松开；使脱离 transmission n.传输 suspension n.悬架 hinge n.铰链 dashboard n.仪表板All of the following are mentioned as tricks which dishonest second-hand car dealers may play upon their customers EXCEPT _. A. to re-paint the car B. to roll back the odometer C. to replace the old pedal D .to disengage the odometer 5.B第二篇/B BAdaptation of Living Things/B Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following AA living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own.BA living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.CA living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.DA living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin. 6. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 BEarthquake and Animals/B Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently animals. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a quake 地震) in China in 1975 snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. All the unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in earth, alerted (提醒) Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people aw/ay from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives., One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It is not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1979, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tries to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It is also difficult sometimes to tell the difference between normal animal cahnness and "earthquake nerves". A zookeeper once told earthquake researchers that his cougar (美洲狮) had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cougar had a stomachache. A second task for scientists is to find out. exactly what kinds of warning the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism (磁力) of earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict earthquakes. A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were closed in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. Before each quake a low boomingsound was heard. Each sound caused the dog to bark (吠) wildly. The dogs began to bark during a silent period! A scientist who was recording the quakes looked at his machine. He realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing. In this case there was a machine to check what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is co