2021年广东职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

2021年广东职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.采用海明码进行差错校验，信息码字为1001011，为纠正一位错，则需要 (19) 位冗余位。A2B3C4D82.The farmers worried about the (lack) of rain.AshortageBdriftCwoeDburden 3.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.AtookBboughtCshowedDmade 4.The local (authorities) will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.AcontrolBlearningCpowerDgovernment 5.All the people were greatly surprised by this (sudden) decision.AabruptBroughCviolentDsilly 6.A visit to the Computer Center has (aroused) the students interest in computer science.AalarmedBdisturbedCstimulatedDincreased 7.The football game (started) at 2:30.AbeganBcontinuedCendedDhappened 8.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.Asit upBsit inCsit onDsit through 9.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.AbaldBhumidCimmenseDlevel 10.The workers finally (called off) the strike.Aput offBendedCcancelledDparticipated in 11.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet.AattractBdestroyCswim over toDhold fast to 12.The (course) of the Korean War was bitter, bloody and frustrating.AbattleBdurationCoutcomeDwhole 13.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.ArivalBattemptCcontendDtrick 14.Though friends for many years, the two lawyers (ended up) as enemies.Aturned outBgave inCgot rid ofDput an end at 15.In some cultures people who were thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be highly respected.AinterpretBinterveneCinheritDimpact 16.People, Customs and Habits1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million.2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people.3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle.4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.A. PopulationB. Over PopulationC. MemoryD. CustomsE. RushF. CensusParagraph 2 17.The Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.Dr. Samuel Johson disapproved of ladies to preach.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 18.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.AlearnsBteachesCunderstandsDinvestigates . 19.Cigars Instead Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article " Cigars: Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines "This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. "The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. " In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. " "To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but ". a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. "According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.Aincreases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.Bgreatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.Cincreases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.Dgready increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers. 20.Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that physical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eating fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normalas simple as living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf. The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, duty and enjoyment.According to the passage, physical, mental, and emotional health are_.Aclosely linkedBcompletely unrelatedCpretty much the sameDquite unimportant 21.Cancer The popular TV variety-show host was grim but calm. He faced the cameras and said bluntly: "I have cancer." Masataka Itsumis disclosure may be the latest sign that the shame associated with cancer is finally breaking down in a country where, unlike the United Sates, the topic has traditionally been taboo. Cancer is the countrys No.1 killer, chaining more than 230,000 lives a year. Despite the number of people affected, the subject has long been concealed in secrecy and silence. As a rule, Japanese are reluctant to tell anyone other than family if they have cancer. And doctors often lie to patients about a cancer diagnosis, fearing they would be depressed and weakened by the truth. Polls indicate that most people would prefer to be told if they have cancer. But health authorities have estimated as few as one in five cancer patients is given a truthful diagnosis. "The patient is very afraid to hear of having cancer, so many doctors just dont tell," said one doctor. " But if we dont tell the truth, its bad for the relationship between doctor and patient. So I think this is beginning to change". He said he believed the intense public interest in the Itsumi case reflected pent-up curiosity and concern about the subject. There are other signs of greater openness in confronting cancer. Support groups for cancer victims, once unknown, have sprung up. The plot of a recent film revolved around a man with cancer. An unusually powerful television advertisement, appealing for bone-marrow donations, features a young woman who has since died of leukemia. But secrecy about cancer is still common. In Japan, serious illness is considered embarrassing. People worry about causing suffering and expense for their families, or discomforting their colleagues. Itsumi, in fact, began his news conference by apologizing. Other factors contribute to the taboo on talk about cancer. There is a cultural tendency toward restraint on discussing personal matters and stoicism in facing problems. Even if patients sense something is very wrong despite a good diagnosis, most do not press their doctors or seek a second opinion. Doctors are granted deep respect in a society that discourages questioning authority.The passage implies that_.Ain the United States, people openly talk about cancerBin the Unites States, cancer is a forbidden topicCcancer is not as wide spread in the U. S. as in JapanDcancer is the No. 1 killer in the U. S. 22.How to Do Well In Exam Do not underestimated(低估) the power of revision in the days and hours before and examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and retaining crucial information. But do not overdo it._(46). An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period, so in the days leading up to your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to work by game. It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it. On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, pack two of everything you need ( pens, pencils, erasers, etc. ) ,then make your way to the examination hall in good time._(47). Once in your seat, simply pause for a few seconds and collect your thoughts. Close your eyes and take in a few slow, deep breaths to help you relax. When you turn over the test paper, spend a short period reading through all the instructions and questions, paying particular attention to key verbs such as "discuss", "compare" and "evaluate". _(48). It is always wise to allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle, begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest. It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper. Also remember to write clearly, and do not be afraid to express the unexpected: after all, examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical(千篇一律的) answers. _(49). If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts, choose a fixture(固定设施) in the room, such as the ceilingor anything else that will not allow you to be distracted. Finally, once you have finished, never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students._( 50 ) .A. Try not to be te