2021福建考研英语考试真题卷（7）.docx

2021福建考研英语考试真题卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 4Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge.This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the American Scholar turns out to be simply Man Thinking; while, for Whitman, the Song of Myself merges imperceptibly into a song of all the children of Adam, where every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies., first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual’s freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspectiontheir belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychologyand by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which 0nly intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them toconceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.Notes: Transcendentalist先验论的。self-transcending ;超越自我的。ethic伦理标准，道德规范。be torn between ,在.之间左右为难。fraternity博爱。introspection 反省。seer预言家,先知。metaphysical形而上By quoting Whitman in paragraph 2, the author intends to（）Ashow that the poet does not completely agree with Emerson.Bindicate the way the poet uses the humanist ideal to appraise himself.Cdemonstrate that the poet is concerned with the well-being of all humans.Dillustrate a way the poet expresses the relationship of the individual to the humanistic universe.2.Text 4Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge.This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the American Scholar turns out to be simply Man Thinking; while, for Whitman, the Song of Myself merges imperceptibly into a song of all the children of Adam, where every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies., first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual’s freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspectiontheir belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychologyand by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which 0nly intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them toconceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.Notes: Transcendentalist先验论的。self-transcending ;超越自我的。ethic伦理标准，道德规范。be torn between ,在.之间左右为难。fraternity博爱。introspection 反省。seer预言家,先知。metaphysical形而上It can be inferred that the idea of "an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos" in paragraph 4 is necessary to the thinking of the five writers because such a relationship（）Ais the foundation of their humanistic view of existence.Bjustifies their concept of the freedom of the individual.Cenables them to assert the importance of the democratic ethic.Ddenies their faith in the existence of intuition and imagination.3.Text 4Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge.This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the American Scholar turns out to be simply Man Thinking; while, for Whitman, the Song of Myself merges imperceptibly into a song of all the children of Adam, where every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies., first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual’s freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspectiontheir belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychologyand by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which 0nly intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them toconceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.Notes: Transcendentalist先验论的。self-transcending ;超越自我的。ethic伦理标准，道德规范。be torn between ,在.之间左右为难。fraternity博爱。introspection 反省。seer预言家,先知。metaphysical形而上Which of the following best reflects the humanistic perspective of the five writers（）AThe spiritual and the material worlds are incompatible.BHumanity can scarcely account for humans and the world.CSelf-knowledge stems partly from the perception of the universe.DThe structure of the universe can be discovered through self-knowledge.4.With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week(1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultraviolet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.We all know it (6) it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) But now there’s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message’s clarity. It comes (8) a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn’t kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9) . What’s killing us, he says, is our (10) with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11) down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12) his startlingand at first appearance off-the-wallnew calculation that (13) excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14) exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15) we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16) is insignificant.The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17) in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18) vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19) 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20) .Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1.1（）AissuedBclaimedCdeclaredDannounced5.With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week(1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultraviolet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.We all know it (6) it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) But now there’s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message’s clarity. It comes (8) a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn’t kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9) . What’s killing us, he says, is our (10) with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11) down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12) his startlingand at first appearance off-the-wallnew calculation that (13) excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14) exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15) we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16) is insignificant.The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17) in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18) vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19) 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20) .Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet 1.2（）AefficientBproficientCampleDinsufficient6.With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week(1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultraviolet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.We all know it (6) it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) But now there’s a fl