2021湖北同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷.docx

2021湖北同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题44小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共44题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage Four She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract. According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine for each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial (婚前的)agreementone more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most transactional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly detailed legal documents spell out everything from whos going to do the dishes to whos going to get the house when you split. This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial agreementa written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligations in the event of divorceis becoming commonplace in a litigious (爱打官司的),disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce. The only question is: What about love When asked whether anyone believes in Cupid (爱神)anymore, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, "Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, computer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply, only in a mood of desperate nostalgia (怀旧 ). ""Pre-nups" (prenuptial agreements)do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot be separated from the high divorce rate in the United States. The result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. "Weve gotten good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of What s yours is yours and whats mine is mines realism. Weve seen it isnt all about love. Weve seen theres power politics in therea fight for control, and when youve got those things, youre halfway to lawyers and money." In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says , "Contracts could spell the end of romantic love as salvation. They say love exists, but that its best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability (平等). By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. "Whats good is it contributes to honesty; whats unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions," says the author of the book "The Nature of Love."The phenomenon of pre-nups_. Ashows the improvement of peoples lifeBshows that people nowadays are more realistic than romanticCis the product of women liberationDshows that people dont believe each other 2.Passage One "Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise." said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While heres no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldnt get the job done. Stress that you can manage may also boost immune(免疫的)function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they werent in control: They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的)video on surgical procedures. Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)A, an antibody thats the bodys first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. "They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage," says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain. "Sustained stress is not good for you," says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity (长寿),"Its the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective. "(325w)Which of the following is Dr. Bruce McEwen inclined to emphasize by saying "But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain" Aa persons memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body.Bstress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain.Cshort bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function.Da persons memory improves with continued experience of stress. 3.Passage Three There is no question that raising teenagers is a challenge no matter how many parents are living in the home. Particularly challenging are the ages between 12 and 16,which are marked by mood swings, defiant attitudes, and attempts to push the limits set by their parents. During this time, teens are trying their hardest to gain adult independence, which is a normal part of the natural growing process. So, we accept this as a time to help them learn lessons and find their way to adulthood, despite the fact that it sometimes makes us feel like we are raising aliens from another planet! Two parents in the household can be a definite plus during these years, especially if both are healthy and loving. In single parent homes, a healthy and loving atmosphere is also a key ingredient to raising responsible teens. Also, teens are often masters at pitting (使人相斗)their parents against one another, so when they have divorced parents living in different households, it can be extra difficult to co-parent with effectiveness. What can single parents do to make the teens in their homes more pleasant The suggestion is to create realistic and enforceable boundaries. Let your kids know that you will negotiate boundaries every six months, for instance. Let them come up with ideas so that they will be more apt to comply. The topics to discuss may be such as how they spend their time after school, how they spend time with their friends and how should be their dress code and their hairstyles, and so on. However, when it comes to alcohol, drugs, smoking and other obvious health risks, there should be no negotiation at all. I never give them permission to drinkand that was final. Let them know they are responsible for their own behavior and should take themselves out of situations that could lead to trouble. A week before your six-month meeting with your teen, call the other parent and talk about how things have been going in each household. Most of the time, there is a wide range of healthy variations in parenting styles. Explain to your teens that when they enter the workforce, they will work with different supervisors, so operating under different household guidelines should be respected and will be good training for their future.What is the main idea of the passage ATo teach the single parent how to raise teens successfully.BTo show how difficult it is to raise teens.CTo show to the children that following different rules in different homes is helpful for their future work.DTo show the single parent that he or she should make friends with the other parent. 4.Passage Four She was slim and he liked her that way. So he called a lawyer. The result was a contract. According to the document, the fresh-faced bride agreed to pay a fine for each pound she gained in weight, the money refundable upon its loss. The paper signed, and the wedding went on. This is a prenuptial (婚前的)agreementone more indication of the strange pass of marriage in this most transactional decade. You are welcome to marriage, contractual style, where increasingly detailed legal documents spell out everything from whos going to do the dishes to whos going to get the house when you split. This is family planning taken to extreme. Once employed solely by the rich, second-timers and the old industrialist carrying off the latest young cookie, the prenuptial agreementa written pact between a couple outlining the financial obligations in the event of divorceis becoming commonplace in a litigious (爱打官司的),disillusioned and materialistic age in which one in every two marriages is projected to end in divorce. The only question is: What about love When asked whether anyone believes in Cupid (爱神)anymore, Dr. Michael Vincent Miller says, "Given a century that is full of sexual liberation, computer-dating services and so on, one feels tempted to reply, only in a mood of desperate nostalgia (怀旧 ). ""Pre-nups" (prenuptial agreements)do assume negativity. Founded on disillusionment, they cannot be separated from the high divorce rate in the United States. The result, argues Miller, is a kind of defending mentality. "Weve gotten good at managing finiteness, failure and trouble with a sort of What s yours is yours and whats mine is mines realism. Weve seen it isnt all about love. Weve seen theres power politics in therea fight for control, and when youve got those things, youre halfway to lawyers and money." In other ways, however, the compacts embody positive, even idealistic thinking about marriage, love and relations, a law scholar Isabel Marcus believes. Marcus says , "Contracts could spell the end of romantic love as salvation. They say love exists, but that its best accompanied by good, hard thinking about equitability (平等). By writing a contract, the couple gains control of its marriage. "Whats good is it contributes to honesty; whats unfortunate is the idea that any contract can govern your emotions," says the author of the book "The Nature of Love."Some people argue that pre-nups are positive because they _. Aguarantee the equality of everyoneBmake love accompanied by a balanced relation between the twoCguarantee the freedom and equal rights of womenDmake marriages suit the modern times better 5.Passage Five International ocean shipping constitutes a highly significant aspect of world economic and political relationships. The rapid growth in world trade and the emergence of new national entities in the last 30 years have further emphasized the role of international shipping. Because of the generally free environment in which it has operated, the industry is highly mobile and flexiblecharacteristics that, together with technological progress, have facilitated the rapid growth in world trade. In recent years, however, there have been several technological and institutional developments that are likely to have major efforts on the industry. One of the latter is the aggregation of conventions and practices known as the Law of the Sea, which has been discussed in the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea since 1958. The third UNCLOS began in 1974 and concluded when a treaty was issued on April 30, 1982. The treaty will enter in force when 60 nations have ratified it. How soon that will happen is, of course, not possible to say. What can be said is that a new legal structure governing the oceans appears to be evolving, with traditional principles giving way to new concepts. Since the environment in which an industry operates determines its structure and mode of operations, international shipping has been molded by the conventional principles governing the use of the oceans as highways and will be affected by shifts in the international climate and changes in the Law of Sea. Ocean shipping, as we know it today, has developed under the concepts of "freedom of the seas" and limited territorial waters with the rights of "innocent passage." Clearly, a new Law of the Sea derived from a reinterpretation of these concepts will significantly change the atmosphere in which the shipping industry operates and, accordingly, dictate revised policies and practices for both industry and public authorities. Minimally, ship operations must consider changes in the definitions of what constitutes the high seas. They must consider the corresponding changes in the jurisdiction of shipping lanes and coastal and open waters; compliance with rules for environmental protection; and vessel traffic controls in some areas. (355w)According to the author, which of the following is the main reason that leads to the change of principles Acountries involvedBclimate shiftCchanges in the Law of SeaDindustrial environment 6. Money is a key element in economic and business activities and has been the theme of many witty remarks. Benjamin Franklin once wrote, "Money makes money, and the money (61) makes, makes more money." To most of us, money is (62) but the currency of a country. But to some people, money is either the best friend or the worst demon. To (63) ,however, money is a subject for study and for something to be money, it must at (64) have the following characteristics: portability, divisibility, stability, durability and acceptability. (65) , nowadays, money has got a lot of (66) : credit cards, debit cards, access cards, IC cards, etc, but they are usually (67) plastic money or electronic money, because they are used like money. (68) a credit card, for example, you can buy books and ties, pay your restaurant bills and taxi fares. You can (69) make a small overdraft if you cannot make your (70) meet this month. "Dont (71) home without it," American Express, one of the leading credit card issuers once (72) us. For many, (73) a reminder is no (74) necessary, because the plastic money is so safe and so convenient that many people (75) leave home without cash but never without a credit card. ASomewhatBHoweverCThusDMoreover 7.Passage Two He has been at the helm (舵)of the Securities and Exchange Commission for only three months, but William Donaldson has given individual investors reason to believe that he will prove to be an effective champion of their interests as a vigilant regulator of the nations financial markets. The challenges ahead remain daunting, but Mr. Donaldson is steadily restoring the agencys credibility in the wake of its disastrous stewardship by Harvey Pitt. The SEC. chairman passed his first big test by persuading William McDonough, the respected president of the New York Federal Reserve, to run the new accounting oversight board created by Congress last summer. He has also opened an important inquiry into trading practices at the New York Stock Exchange. The commi