2021年陕西大学英语考试真题卷（2）.docx

2021年陕西大学英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共25题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Besides the annual vacation, one-and-two-day holidays _ throughout the year.AscatteredBspreadCseparatedDsprayed 2.Setting targets and measuring sticks to _ projects would definitely increase efficiency if done properly.AjustifyBevaluateCindicateDreckon 3.The conversation had _ over a variety of topics, from sport to current affairs.AmovedBshiftedCalteredDranged 4.We could have _ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.AaffordedBprovidedCgrantedDentitled 5.Governments should adopt a more _ approach to improve the environment.AfierceBforcefulCsevereDviolent 6.The woman has got a(n) _ secretarial job, but she is hoping to find something more permanent.AlastingBoptionalCvoluntaryDtemporary 7.The government's control over the newspaper has _ in recent years.AremovedBloosenedCrelievedDrelaxed 8.The problem has _ simply because you didn't follow the instructions in the hand book.AassembledBarisenCrisenDresulted 9.Given _ time with other things remaining unchanged, prices and wages would eventually be adjusted and full employment may be restored.AeffectiveBefficientCsufficientDpotential 10.The company has just _ its plans for the coming year, including the opening of new offices in Paris.ArevealedBrelievedCrevisedDreversed 11.He has to change gear _ in this car; it's not operated automatically.AartificiallyBautomaticallyCmanuallyDsynthetically 12.She was so _ in her book that she didn't hear the telephone rang.AabsorbedBattractedCdrawnDconcentrated 13.Most colleges believe students should _ to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain.AdistributeBassistCcontributeDattribute 14.He will _ if he is forced to accept an unrealistic budget he cannot commit to.AresignBrejectCretreatDreform 15.The main road through Tianjin was blocked for three hours today after an accident two lorries.AcombiningBcontainingCincludingDinvolving 16.The newly-passed law imposed _ on the export of high-technology goods.AobligationsBcommitmentsCemphasesDrestrictions 17.He _ his lesson about France with photographs of the people who lived there.AillustratedBindicatedCcitedDdisplayed 18.The _ between rich and poor is wider in the South than in the rest of the country.AdifferenceBdistinctionCgapDvariation 19.Women do not usually get to the top in politics, but there have been a few notable _.AexceptionsBexclusionCmodificationsDsubstitutions 20.In the evening of that day, the Caves seemed to have _ their emotions.AtornBwastedCexhaustedDconsumed 21.Though badly damaged by fire, the palace was eventually _ to its original magnificence.ArecoveredBrestoredCrenewedDreplaced 22.This may have _ the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals hunted in Africa.AreservedBpreservedCmaintainedDretained 23.The well-known singer was _ at the electronic organ by his school teacher.AcoordinatedBcooperatedCaccompaniedDassociated 24.But there are no convincing reasons for believing that this would have a _ effect on economic performance.ApartialBpreferableCbeneficialDliable 25.The word "staggering" ( Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _.AshakingBshakingCstableDstanding 二、多项选择题（共25题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，有多个符合题意） 1.Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students Union to write a passage entitled THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MY COLLEGE LIFE AND MY MIDDLE SCHOOL LIFEas part of an introduction programme for new students coming in September.You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state clearly what you think the main difference is between college and middle school life. In the second paragraph, state which life you prefer and why. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. 2.Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Your friend has just won the first prize in the Provincial English Speech Contest. Write a note of congratulations.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. 3.指出写信原因 2询问信息 3结束语 4.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic The Value of Time. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline.1时间比金钱更可贵；2应当珍惜每寸光阴；3要养成节约时间的好习惯。 5.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Laid-off Workers Need Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1随着国有企业的深化改革，下岗工人越来越多。2下岗工人最需要的帮助是3我认为，最可取的措施是 6.过去一年，我们是在应对新的挑战和考验中前进的。近两年我国经济运行中出现了一些新问题，主要是粮食供求关系趋紧，固定资产投资膨胀，货币信贷投放过快，煤电油运紧张。如果任其发展下去，局部性问题就会演变为全局性问题。党中央、国务院审时度势，及时作出了加强宏观调控的决策和部署，按照果断有力、适时适度、区别对待、注重实效的原则，综合运用经济、法律手段和必要的行政手段，着力解决经济平稳较快发展的突出问题。经过全国上下共同努力，宏观调控取得明显成效。经济运行中不稳定不健康因素得到抑制，薄弱环节得到加强，避免了经济大的起落。 7.The standard three-year masters degree program in China was greatly challenged recently. Experts hold that two years is enough for the program. Tsinghua, Peking, Renmin and some other universities have started trying out the two year program in economics and management-related majors. Harbin University of Science and Technology was one of the first universities to try the new masters system in 1994. Should the old system be changed Explain your opinion and write an article of about 400 words on the following topic: Should the Traditional System Be Changed In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. 8.北京的道旁多植槐树，当槐花桂满枝头香飘回逸的时候，夏日就带着炎热与浓绿向人们涌来了。 清晨，骑上自行车，加入上班的“洪流”，眼前闪动的是人们五颜六色的夏服，而八月盛夏，最高气温达到三十七、八度时，不少姑娘穿起露肩、低胸、无袖的上衣，有的小伙子把背心捋上肚皮，在还没有普及空凋的普通人家，人们注意听着电台的当日天气预报和查看日历，不时喊着“今天太热啦！”在惊呼、叹息之中，盛夏似乎走得太慢了。 9.The very word of networks changes peoples life a great deal and in the world thousands and hundreds of people surf online everyday. So there occurs a question- should there be someone guard the Net-Cyber- police Someone thinks that networks dont want Cyberpolice guards, but other people have different ideas. And what is your opinion. Requirement: Write an essay about 400 words, commenting and expressing your view on environment pollution and protection. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in-the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 10.许多年轻人热衷于流行音乐。 2流行音乐受欢迎的原因。 3你的观点、态度。 Popular Music 11.Your friend Kate asked you to come to the English corner with her this Thursday night, but you have a paper to finish. Write her a note, declining her invitation and explaining why. 12.中国在海外已经设立并将设立更多孔子学院2. 设立孔子学院有利于中国传统文化的传传播3. 对此有不同的看法，你如何看待 Chinas Confucius Colleges in the World 13.白杨不是平凡的树，它在西北极普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似；它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方农民相似。我赞美白杨树，就因为它不但象征了北方的农民，尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质、坚强以及力求上进的精神。让那些看不起民众，贱视民众，顽固的倒退的人们去赞美那贵族化的楠木(那也是直干秀颀的)，去鄙视这极常见、极易生长的白杨罢，但是我要高声赞美白杨树! 14. THE POSTITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROBOTS DOING HUMAN WORK In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion-or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 15.1.越来越多的人采用“低碳”的方式生活 2.低碳生活有很多益处 3.低碳生活，我们应该 Lead a Low-Carbon Life 16.说明：请按照下述要求，写一份邀请函。 发信人: Harold 收信人: Jimmy 内容： 1邀请Jimmy来参加家里举办的一个小型舞会以庆祝20周年结婚纪念日； 2只准备邀请几位老朋友，希望Jimmy能携妻子Emma参加； 3时间定在下周六，6月10日晚上7点； 4知道他们很忙，但希望他们能设法来参加，并热切盼望其到来。 写信日期：2006年6月1日 Words for reference：结婚纪念 wedding anniversary 盼望 look forward to 17. Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600.000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill There are two ways to bury trash: · Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) · Landfill-carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. ° Sanitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment ° Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment. The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine: · the area of land necessary for the landfill · the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock · the flow of surface water over the site · the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife · the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a LandfillTrash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and 18. Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dum