2021福建职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）.docx

2021福建职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Promising Results from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the bodys immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.The vaccine activates the immune system.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 2.Promising Results from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the bodys immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 3.第三篇The Worlds Best-Selling MedicineSince ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His fathers pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!Why didnt the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped painAIt didnt work well.BIt was hard to make.CIt hurt the stomach.DIt was not cost-effective. 4.Music Used As Healing Therapy1 Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. In 400 BC, its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy (疗法）with people suffering from trauma (外伤).Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Welcome Trust study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical performances. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed.3 These very positive results are partly due to general well-being （良好的健康状况). It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life, they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further, it has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 Science, however, demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even "prescribe"(开处方）music, but that could be a long time in the future.A. Potential dangers of music therapyB. Increase in general well-beingC. History of music therapyD. Other mysterious effects of musicE. Positive physical changes caused by musicF. Music and your bodyParagraph 1_ 5.第一篇The Development of BalletBallet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating.Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.This passage deals mainly withAfamous names in ballet.Bhow ballet has developed.CRussian ballet.Dwhy ballet is no longer popular. 6.第二篇Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers, be careful. Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant (兴奋剂), caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin (褪黑激素)，the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. "Its the neurohormone (神经激素) that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake," says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Steep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shito and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf (脱咖啡因咖啡). On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off, twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine (尿）sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme (餘) that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate thatAmelatonin levels need to be raised.Bcoffee is a stimulant.Cneurohormone can wake us up.Dcaffeine can balance our brain hormone. 7.Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetime, according_ (51) one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do_ (52) domestic violence, although we dont hear about it often."Dr. Robert J Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the studys authors, told Reuters Health. "They often dont_ (53) and we dont ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence _ (54) they are not alone and there are resources available to them.The researchers asked study_ (55) about physical abuse (人身伤害) and non-physical abuse, such as_（56）that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior, and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 64 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, _ (57) 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older, with 5.3 percent _ (58) violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months._ (59), 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been_ (60) of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the_ (61) the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as that _ (62) by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated _ (63) as severe, compared with 61 percent of women.Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health_ (64) than those who had not, _ (65) older men, the researchers found.AatBbyCforDto 8.A Doctor in the HouseBrushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one of many gadgets proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) _ In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.Intelligent bandages are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly Identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics would work best. (48) _Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer is coming up.All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49)_ If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctors surgery.If all this sounds troublesome, then hel