2021湖北职称英语考试真题卷.docx

2021湖北职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.第一篇Recycling Around the WorldRecycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable, but essential.The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥料)57 million tons of waste (27% of the nations solid waste). This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). In doing this, 7,000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.In Rockford, a city in Illinois, US, its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage (废物). If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium (铝) cans, then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1,000.In Japan, certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.In one year Britain recycles: 1 out of every 3 newspapers. 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars (罐子). 1 out of every 4 items of clothing. 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans. In 1999, Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself. Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now. However, recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also, there is not much use for some recycled material.Which of the following is NOT true of the JapaneseAThey live in a crowded country.BThey have recycled all their waste.CThey are very good at recycling.DThey have to share their limited space with rubbish 2.EarthquakeHow does an earthquake start What makes an earthquake happen The rock of the earths crust (地壳) may have a fault, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.What to do during an earthquake At schoolAs soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teachers desk, get underneath (在下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.At homeIf you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and dont go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours.In the streetIf you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls - move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 3.27 It is more difficult for todays athletes.28 We dont know if there is a limit.29 Research has helped coaches.30 Scientific advances are suspected.Ato break recordsBto better understand the athletes body and mindCto time and spaceDto be replacing the sporting challengeEto human performanceFto avoid psychological techniques4.The Science of Sport1At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improvement in performance And how long can we keep breaking records Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds3Most experts agree that it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.4Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.5But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (相象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6But as science, begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge Whats more, are all these advantages fair23 Paragraph 2_24 Paragraph 3_25 Paragraph 4_26 Paragraph 5_AScience may be too important today.BSports equipment has been improved a lot.CAthletes are still breaking records.DSport science helps improve athletes performances.EMental training is as important as physical training.FDifferent sports require different training programs.5.第一篇Recycling Around the WorldRecycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable, but essential.The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥料)57 million tons of waste (27% of the nations solid waste). This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators (焚化炉). In doing this, 7,000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.In Rockford, a city in Illinois, US, its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage (废物). If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium (铝) cans, then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1,000.In Japan, certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.In one year Britain recycles: 1 out of every 3 newspapers. 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars (罐子). 1 out of every 4 items of clothing. 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans. In 1999, Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself. Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now. However, recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also, there is not much use for some recycled material.How much waste did the US recycle in 1996A1.3 million tons.B27 million tons.C57 million tons.D53 million tons. 6.第二篇 Walking Robot Carries a PersonThe first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics companyTmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground.The battery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators (传动装置) to move forwards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 pounds). The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters, but the, team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs.I believe this bipedal (两足的) robot, which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair, will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs," said Atsuo Takanishi, from Waseda University."We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manipulators, they have not been geared to carrying people around," says Ron Arkin, at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. "But I dont know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is."Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called "caterpillar (毛毛虫) models" for moving over uneven ground.WL-16s normal walking step measures 30 centimetres, but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm apart. The prototype (原型) is currently radio-controlled, but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take "at least two years" to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model.Smaller, ground-hugging (紧贴地面行走的) robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like (像蛆一样的) device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along, while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over rough territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carry a person too.The researchers plan to make WL-16 capable ofAmoving up and down the stairs easily.Bturning its head easily.Cusing a telescope to find the way.Dcarrying a person of over 60 kilograms. 7.EarthquakeHow does an earthquake start What makes an earthquake happen The rock of the earths crust (地壳) may have a fault, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.What to do during an earthquake At schoolAs soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teachers desk, get underneath (在下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.At homeIf you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and dont go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours.In the streetIf you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls - move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.As soon as an earthquake occurs, students should leave the buildingARightBWrongCNot mentioned 8.27 It is more difficult for todays athletes.28 We dont know if there is a limit.29 Research has helped coaches.30 Scientific advances are suspected.Ato break recordsBto better understand the athletes body and mindCto time and spaceDto be replacing the sporting challengeEto human performanceFto avoid psychological techniques9.第一篇Recycling Around the WorldRecycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable, but essential.The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so, Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.In 1996, the United States recycled and composted (制成肥