2021湖南职称英语考试真题卷（9）.docx

2021湖南职称英语考试真题卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The new communication system is by no means a (minute) invention.AtimelyBsmallCaccidentalDsignificant 2.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.AcutBforceCoccurDcharge 3.I beg you once again, never (desert) me in my misfortunes!AcondemnBabandonCoffendDpluck 4.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more (densely).AcompactlyBinexpensivelyCquicklyDcarefully 5.I dont see how Jack (put up with) his wife.AtolerateBacceptCleaveDreceive 6.We can rely on James to carry out this mission for his judgement is always (sound).AhealthyBunmistakableCreliableDunquestionable 7.The teachers want to (do away with) cheating in their school.Ado credit toBretainCput an end toDsubstitute for 8.A visit to the Computer Center has (aroused) the students interest in computer science.AalarmedBdisturbedCstimulatedDincreased 9.How many radios will your factory (turn out) this yearAmanufactureBdestroyCexportDimport 10.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).AcompleteBpossibleCdaringDdecisive 11.The mail was (delayed) for a week because of the flood.Aheld downBheld inCheld offDheld on 12.People, Customs and Habits1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million.2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people.3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle.4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.A. PopulationB. Over PopulationC. MemoryD. CustomsE. RushF. CensusParagraph 2 13.Most Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. "I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, " lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 14.Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_.Ahelp others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.Bsurvive even in extremely severe conditionsCbecome better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.Dresult in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms. 15.Natural Medicines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of todays most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earths supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_.Amuch more successful than modern onesBsuccessful in all casesCsuccessful enough for humans to surviveDof little help to humans 16.Stress Level Tied to Education Level People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. "Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health." lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. "The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged." Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. "If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor" Grzywacz says. "Maybe it is just life. "stressful adj. 紧张的；压力重的diploma n. 毕业文凭，毕业证书stressor n. 紧张刺激物devastating adj. 毁灭性的follow-up n. (对病人的)随访Stress level is closely related to_.Afamily size.Bsocial status.Cbody weight.Dwork experience. 17.A New Method to Kill AIDS Virus _(46). But researchers wont know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections. "This is a study thats in progress," said Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. Theyve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system. The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes (淋巴结) and semen (精液) from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there._(47). Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining virusesat least from known reservoirs throughout the bodyin two to three years._(48). Oh Wednesday, Ho said he wouldnt ask any patient to consider that step before 2.5 years of treatment. And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials._(49). _(50). A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.A. The attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus continues to be hopeful.B. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.C. But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.D. Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent, Ho says.E. No one knows the long-term risks.F. A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise. 18.People, Customs and Habits1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million.2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people.3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle.4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.A. PopulationB. Over PopulationC. MemoryD. CustomsE. RushF. CensusParagraph 3 19.Natural Medicines