2021河南考研英语考试真题卷.docx

2021河南考研英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become (1) by a byproduct of their machines, (2) noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3) , and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4) , that something (5) about it.To control noise is to demand much (6) (Annoyance arises often from, (7) of common courtesy), a sense of proportion ( There is usually a (8) of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9) of money ( and it is far more economical to do this early (10) than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.Though the (11) care for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many (12) be impossible. The next (13) is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14) , and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15) But if we are going to (16) fast motor-cycles and heavy (17) lorries to pass continuously through residential and business (18) , the community must decide (19) the control it needs to (20) for in the long run it has got to pay for it.17（）AdamagedBspoiltCdestroyedDinterfered2.Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become (1) by a byproduct of their machines, (2) noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3) , and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4) , that something (5) about it.To control noise is to demand much (6) (Annoyance arises often from, (7) of common courtesy), a sense of proportion ( There is usually a (8) of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9) of money ( and it is far more economical to do this early (10) than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.Though the (11) care for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many (12) be impossible. The next (13) is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14) , and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15) But if we are going to (16) fast motor-cycles and heavy (17) lorries to pass continuously through residential and business (18) , the community must decide (19) the control it needs to (20) for in the long run it has got to pay for it.18（）AaccumulationBexpenditureCdepreciationDdistribution3.Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become (1) by a byproduct of their machines, (2) noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3) , and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4) , that something (5) about it.To control noise is to demand much (6) (Annoyance arises often from, (7) of common courtesy), a sense of proportion ( There is usually a (8) of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9) of money ( and it is far more economical to do this early (10) than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.Though the (11) care for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many (12) be impossible. The next (13) is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14) , and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15) But if we are going to (16) fast motor-cycles and heavy (17) lorries to pass continuously through residential and business (18) , the community must decide (19) the control it needs to (20) for in the long run it has got to pay for it.19（）Abe doneBto be doneCis doneDbeing done4.Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become (1) by a byproduct of their machines, (2) noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3) , and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4) , that something (5) about it.To control noise is to demand much (6) (Annoyance arises often from, (7) of common courtesy), a sense of proportion ( There is usually a (8) of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9) of money ( and it is far more economical to do this early (10) than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.Though the (11) care for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many (12) be impossible. The next (13) is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14) , and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15) But if we are going to (16) fast motor-cycles and heavy (17) lorries to pass continuously through residential and business (18) , the community must decide (19) the control it needs to (20) for in the long run it has got to pay for it.20（）AremedyBsolutionCmethodDprocedure5.Text 1As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value - that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time- consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages - imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.If one had to save products instead of money,（）Athis would need years of practiceBcoal, for example, would lose its valueCthey could not be stored for years on endDmany products would lose their value6.Text 1As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value - that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time- consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages - imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.Specialization is encouraged because（）Apeople can use their money to buy whatever they wantBpeople do not need to make a complete product for exchangeCpeople make a great contribution to the manufacture of a productDpeople cannot use their money to buy whatever they want7.Text 1As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value - that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time- consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages - imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.Using money as a medium of exchange means that（）Ayou have to sell something in order to buy somethingByou have to buy something in order to sell somethingCyou don't have to buy something in order to sell somethingDthe seller and the purchaser are the same person8.Text 1As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value - that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time- consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages - imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.A barter economy is