初中现在完成时复习课件.ppt

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?现在完成时知识链接：八年级下册Unit9Have you ever been to an amusement park?目录现在完成时态的概念现在完成时态的结构现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较现在完成时态练习1.现在完成时的概念1）表示）表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影造成的影响或结果；响或结果；2） 表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或到现在的动作或状态。状态。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时现在完成时一般过去式一般过去式现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时2.现在完成时的结构 现在完成时的构成： Have/has + done助动词助动词 过去分词过去分词主语+ have/has +过去分词+宾语+状语Have:第一、二第一、二/ 复数复数Has: 第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词：规则动词：不规则动词不规则动词规则动词 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied不规则动词 AAA型 cost cost cost ；cut cut cut AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen3.现在完成时的否定与疑问 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定句疑问句I have not (havent) studied. Have I studied? You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied? 例题例题Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Shanghai before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?havenotWhyhasnt重点2：现在完成时态的否定与疑问比较have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。小结词组含义搭配Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场 Have been to曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了。 just, ever, never Have been in在某地呆多长时间 since, for, how long 1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingBBD重点3 have been to/in和have gone to 的对比例题4.现在完成时的用法 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完说话之前已经完成的动作成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等状语连用。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 Have you milked the cow yet? 牛奶的奶挤了吗？ I have never heard that before. 我从没听说过。 你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？ 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。 注意：a) since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自从” for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“长达”重点4：since和for的区别 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor 注意：b) 表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since, for, how long 连用）。 短暂性动词 He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2years. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutesbeendeadbeenout错错错错错错 注意： c) 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now一般过去式（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，叙述过去的事情，强调动作强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，现在的影响，强调影响强调影响。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film. 2）一般过去时）一般过去时 常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用; 现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连连用，或无时间状语。用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是态，动词一般是延续性的延续性的，如，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续) ( )1. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )2. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )3. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw ( )4. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has heBcDD