2022云南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（3）.docx

2022云南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The climate(气候) is very special in England. There is not a great (41) between summer and winter. Besides, it (42) a lot in England. But (43) is it so England is an island (44) . The winds from the sea blow over England all the year (45) . In summer, the sea is (46) than the land. The cool wind from the sea reduce (减少) the (47) temperature (温度) on the land. In winter, the sea is warmer, so the wind from the sea brings (48) air to the land. In addition, the winds are wet winds. They bring a lot of rain to the island. So in England, people always have to bring (49) when they go out. When people (50) topics to talk about, they ll usually talk about weather.AcoolBcoldCwarm 2.The climate(气候) is very special in England. There is not a great (41) between summer and winter. Besides, it (42) a lot in England. But (43) is it so England is an island (44) . The winds from the sea blow over England all the year (45) . In summer, the sea is (46) than the land. The cool wind from the sea reduce (减少) the (47) temperature (温度) on the land. In winter, the sea is warmer, so the wind from the sea brings (48) air to the land. In addition, the winds are wet winds. They bring a lot of rain to the island. So in England, people always have to bring (49) when they go out. When people (50) topics to talk about, they ll usually talk about weather.Aa bagBumbrellasCumbrella 3.Education is compulsory and free for every child in America. Most children start school by the age of six. They attend eight years of elementary school and four years of high school, The money for free public schools comes from taxes, and every state is responsible for its own educational system. State legislatures set the educational requirement but leave the management of the schools in the hands of the local communities. Most states require their children to go to school until a certain age. This age varies from 16 to 18 years, according to the laws of the individual states. The Federal government contributes funds to the states for additional schools and school services.After graduation from high school, a student can start his higher education in a two-year college or university. The cost of a college education is expensive in private universities, but it is much cheaper in those supported by states and cities. Many students receive scholarships from the schools, the government or private foundations. More than 50 percent of college students work to help pay their college expenses.Where does the money for public schools come from ()AFrom the Federal Government.BFrom the state legislation.CFrom taxes.DFrom the parents of the school children.4.M: Sally, come downstairs, please. Look at this job advertisement.W: (from a distance) I’m coming. Walt a moment. (nearer) Eric, I’m here. What’s the matterM: Look, Sally. Here’s a job advertisement. Start a new life with Exco Exports Ltd. as personal assistant to our managing director! Perhaps it’s the job you want.W: Personal assistant to the managing director Yes, it is! Eric, would you like to read it for meM: It’s my pleasure! Now, listen-We will give the right person 3,500 pa for a 45-hour week, free training, the chance to join a pension scheme, 3 weeks’ holiday per year and a company car! Canteen facilities are also available.W: It sounds not so good. Only 3,500 every year. I think the salary is fairly low. The working hours seem too long, you see, a 45-hour week. Oh, my dear! And the holidays are short too, only 3 weeks.M: But you’re interested in this type of job. Since you have no job now, you can treat it as one of your choices.W: Hm, you are right. OK, I’ll write down the address. Eric, please repeat it to me.M: Box 4032, London.W: Good, the company’s in London. I don’t want to work out of this city.M: Look, there is another point maybe you will be attracted by.W: Yes. Ah, just now, auntie Jenny called me.M: Really What did she sayW: She told me there’s a job opening for a secretarial position in her company. She asked me to apply for it.M: Sounds good. Would you like to tryW: I am interested in the work, but you know, her company is in the city of Edinburgh. So I thanked her and wrote down the address only.M: How kind she is!W: Yes, she is very kind. Oh, she invited us to her villa to attend her birthday party this Saturday.M: Sure we are going to attend it. But what present should we take How about a bottle of wine, or.W: Eric! Look, here’s another job advertisement.M: What is itW: Listen: Join one of the world’s fastest growing companies: Exco Imports Lid.M: How about the workW: (go on) We are looking for a personal assistant to help our managing director.M: Another personal assistant to the managing director.W: We can offer: 6,500 pa, 6 weeks’ holiday, and a 35-hour week! And we have a supersocial club, too! Interested Yes! I am interested!M: Where is the companyW: Ring Carrie Jones on 01 734 6387 Now It’s in London. Oh, Eric, I am so happy. It’s the right job I want.M: It seems everything is wonderful.W: That’s right. I’ll call the person now! (dialling sound) Good morning! Is that Ms Carrie Jones I am Sally Brown.What will be thought about mostly when one wants to find a job ()AWhether the salary is high or low.BWhether the fringe benefits are good or bad.CWhether the working place is far or near.DWhether the job is suitable or not.5.The main policy-making bodies of the EU are the Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. The Commission has 17 members appointed by EU countries for four-year terms. It is an executive body with the right of proposing initiatives to the Council of Ministers. This Council is made up of the foreign ministers from the member nations. Although the Commission represents community interests, the Council represents the national interests of the members. Members of the Council rotate the presidency with each holding the office for six-month terms.The European Parliament had 626 members in 1995. The representatives are elected by citizens of member nations. The number of representatives differs according to the size of each country. Germany for example, has 99 representatives, while Luxembourg has six. When the Parliament meets, the representatives sit in political groups, not by nation. Some of the political groups are: the Socialists, the European People’s party (or Christian Democrats), the Liberal Democratic and Reform Group, the European Democrats, and the Greens (an environmental group).Other EU institutions are the Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the Economic and Social Committee, and the European Investment Bank. The Court of Justice, founded in 1958, reviews the legality of acts of the Commission and Council. The Court of Auditors, founded in 1977, monitors the revenues and expenditures of the EU. Since 1958 the Economic and Social Committee has revised the Commission and the Council on general economic policy. The Committee has 189 members representing employers, labor unions, farmers, professions, consumers, and small businesses. The European Investment Bank, founded in 1958, is an independent public institution that oversees long-term investment.Whose interests does the Council of Ministers represent ()AThe community interests.BThe interests of the foreign ministers from the member nations.CThe interests of the Council members.DThe national interests of the members.6.Some people ought to defend the workaholic.These people are unjustly accused, abused, and defamed - often termed sick or morbid or on the border of pathology. About 30% of American business and commerce is carried on the shoulders of workaholics. The ratio might exist in art and science too.Workaholics are the achievers, the excelers. There is a national conspiracy against excellence and undue admiration of commonness and mediocrity. It is as if we are against those who make uncommon sacrifices because they enjoy doing something.Some famous psychologists say that the workaholic has an inferiority complex which leads to overcompensation. This is certainly not the case. Inferiority, or low esteem, describes laziness more accurately than it describes dedication.We do not seem to realize that very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The accusation is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist in the balanced life also. Think how many normal people and middle-ages who have never done anything well - they are going to settle for less than what they could have become.From this passage we know that workaholic is a term referring to those().Awho enjoy work more than anything else.Bwho make greater contributions than others.Cwho make uncommon sacrifice in their personal life.DAll of the above.7.In Anglo-America there are three major ethnic groups. The first is the original Indian population, who today represents a minority group. The second is the descendants of European colonists who emigrated to the two countries before the end of the nineteenth century. These majority populations normally speak English, are highly-educated, and most of them are culturally homogeneous (同类的) in broad cultural values. A third group is made up of ethnic minorities, from Asia, Latin America, Africa, or parts of Europe who have either linguistic, religious, racial, or other cultural attributes that distinguish them from the majority population.The United States has a varied ethnic minority pattern, without the dominance of one minority group in a specific geographical area. The largest ethnic group in America is the blacks, totaling an estimated 26 million in 1980, or 12 percent of the population. Unlike the French, the black population of the United States is not culturally and geographically isolated in one area. Slightly more than half of American blacks live in the South, and 49 percent reside in the East and the West. The black American speaks English, has a tendency to share, the characteristics of competition, materialism, and individualism with other United States citizens, and has no distinctive religion.The Spanish-speaking minority in America is reluctant to adopt the values of the dominant cultural group. There is increasingly a demand for bilingual (双语的) education to allow Spanishspeaking children to use English in their educational programs. The existence of a large and growing minority population such as the Spanish-speaking Americans, who are increasingly committed to their own food and newspapers in Latin, is one of the issues facing Anglo-America in the future. The old concept of a melting pot is being replaced by the concept of a plural society.From the context, we know that "attributes" (Para. 1) means().Asimilarities of ethnic groups.Bqualities belonging to ethnic minorities.Cdifferences between ethnic minorities.Drelationships among ethnic groups.8.Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true. For ten years or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The maker for (21) robots is oversupplied now, and the driving force of the robotics(机器人学) revolution is (22) to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most.Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty (23) finding customer. They are offering big (24) just to get in the door. There has been a (23) growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we admit we are either deceiving (26) or that the market is slowly growing. said John Reekie, chairman of Colen Robotics. The following things must happen (27) the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy, (28) there has been a computer (29) program, there must be a robot prices. (30) , some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be (31) .Colen makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small (32) with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colen with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, and Durham possess an advantage (33) . the giants. The big companies sell very expensive (34) to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The (35) companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized that there is a need for small, (36) robots that they can meet.The little companies either bring their educational machines (37) an industrial standard or design from the start. One technique that they all adopt is to choose (38) components where possible. The major cost of making (39) their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is (40) scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The sue of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.21().AsmallBeducationalCbigDbusiness9.In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How to explain the change in its size and importanceTo answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history and economies. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America’s most famous city.The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily-populated areas in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter America, and the products of the land are sent there for export across the sea.Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into completed goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved to the west, trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe’s canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long trip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After working for several years it was completed in 1825.The canal produced an immediate effec