2022年贵州职称英语考试真题卷.docx

2022年贵州职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 B第一篇/B BIs the Tie a Necessity /B Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie ABecause he wants to make a show.BBecause he wants to attract attention,CBecause ties are costly,DBecause he wants to live in a casual w&y. 2.B第三篇/B BSmart Exercise/B Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain." The effects of-exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician (儿科医师), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. "Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning," says Margaret. Older people can beef up their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brains flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.The expression "beef up" in paragraph 3 means A"control".B"strengthen".C"operate".D"encourage". 3.B第二篇/B BBrain-dead Mother Dies after Giving Birth/B A brain-dead woman who was kept alive for three months so she could deliver the child she was carrying was removed from life support on Wednesday and died, a day after giving birth. "This is obviously a bittersweet time for our family," Justin Torres, the womans brother-in-law, said in a statement. Susan Torres, a cancer-stricken, 26-year-old researcher at the National Institutes of Health, suffered a stroke in May after the melanoma (黑瘤) spread to her brain. Her family decided to keep her alive to give her foetus (胎儿) a chance. It became a race between the foetus development and the cancer that was destroying the womans body. Doctors said that Torres health was getting worse and that the risk of harm to the foetus finally outweighed the benefits of extending the pregnancy. Torres gave birth to a daughter by Caesarean section (剖腹产手术) on Tuesday at Virginia Hospital Center. The baby was two months premature and weighed about a kilogram. She was in the newborn intensive care unit. Dr Donna Tilden-Archer, the hospitals director of neonatology (新生儿学), described the child as "very vigorous." She said the baby had responded when she received stimulation, indicating she was healthy, Doctors removed Torres from life support early Wednesday with the consent of her husband, Jason Torres, after she received the final sacrament (圣礼) of the Roman Catholic Church. "We thank all of those who prayed and provided support for Susan, the baby and our family," Jason Torres said in a statement. "We especially thank God for giving us little Susan. My wifes courage will never be forgotten." English-language medical literature contains at least 11 cases since 1979 of irreversibly brain-damaged women whose lives were prolonged for the benefit of the developing foetus, according to the University of Connecticut Health Center. Dr Christopher McManus, who coordinated care for Susan Torres, put the infants chances of developing cancer at less than 25 per cent. He said 19 women who have had the same aggressive form of melanoma as Torres have given birth, and five of their babies became iii with the disease.The pregnancy was stopped because Athe foetus was found seriously iii.Bthe risks outweighed the benefits.Cthere was no hope to rescue the foetus.Dthe Torres family couldnt afford the expenses any more. 4. 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BStudy Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowel (结肠) Cancer/B People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less_(51) 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women_(52) 35 to 70 from 10 European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but _(53) an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion_(54) high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel_(55) risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was_(56) with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated_(57) a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a_(58). Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish_(59). In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for_(60) people who ate a low fibre diet. Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UKs Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said: "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat_(61) risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a_(62) relationship." She added in a statement: "The overall picture is very consistent for red and processed meat and fibre across all the_(63) populations studied." Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, of the World Health Organisation International Agency for Research into Cancer, said: "Other risk factors for_(64) cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a _(65). These factors were all taken into account in the analysis." AbeforeBafterCsinceDwhen 5. 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 BThe Doctor in America/B Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stays and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests - he or she uses. Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal governments Public Health Service. Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院医生实习期) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low. Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies. Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.Of all employed physicians, those hired by corporations are best paid. AARightBBWrongCCNot mentioned 6. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 B第一篇/B BIs the Tie a Necessity /B Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.Which of the following is NOT a social occasion AGoing to church.BGoing to work in the office,CStaying at home.DGoing to a party, 7.B第三篇/B