北师大高中英语选修八教学案：Unit22 environmental protect-词汇篇1(教师) .pdf

Unit 22 Environmental Protection 词汇篇 1_1、掌握第一单元第一课及第二课的重点单词，短语及句型。2、灵活运用第一单元第一课及第二课的重点单词，短语及句型。1. trap vt. 使困住；使陷入困境；诱骗；n. 陷阱The little dog is trapped in the cage. How pitiful it is! 这只小狗被困在笼子里了，它好可怜啊。归纳拓展：be trapped in 被困于trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事set/lay a trp 设置陷阱，布下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入陷阱，圈套2. a number of adj. 许多的；大量的归纳拓展：英语中表示许多的短语可分为三类：修饰可数名词：a large/great number of , a good/great many , quite a few , dozens of , scores of , many a/ more than one +单数可数名词且作主语时，谓语动词用三单。修饰不可数名词：a good/great deal of , a large amount of , quite a little既修饰不可数名词又修饰可数名词：a lot of , lots of , a large quantity of (谓语三单) , large quantitiesof (谓语复数), plenty of3. beyond prep. 超出，为所不及Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 任何被发现超限饮酒的司机将会被控告。归纳拓展：beyond ones control 超出某人的控制It is beyond me why/what 我无法理解beyond belief 难以置信beyond words 说不出话来beyond recognition 认不出来beyond expectation 出乎意料It was beyond my belief that he had been admitted into Beijing University.我不相信他会被北京大学录取。4. look ahead 展望未来，向前看Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the light of the village beyond.往远处看，你便可以看见那边村庄里的灯光。归纳拓展：look about/around 环顾四周，随便看，到处看look back 回顾，回想look up to 尊敬，钦佩look forward to 期待，盼望look down on upon 看不起，瞧不起look into 调查，研究，了解look on 旁观look out 向外看，注意，当心5. relevant adj. 有关的; 切题的We students shouldnt do what is not relevant to our study.我们学生不应该做和学习无关的事情。归纳拓展：be relevant to 与有关irrelevant adj. 无关的be irrelevant to 与无关6. refer to 提到，谈到，涉及; 参考，查阅; 认为Dont always refer to your dictionary when youmeet unknown words.在你遇到生词的时候不要总是查字典。归纳拓展：reference n. 参考，参照，谈及refer oneself to 求助于，依赖refer to sb./sth. as 称某人/某物为He heard them refer to her as “Big Sister”.7. in turn 依次，轮流; 反之Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。by turns 时而turn out 生产，结果是turn in 交上，归还turn up 出现; 到来; 开大turn down 调低，拒绝turn over 移交给; 翻阅; 把翻过来It turned out that the party last night was a success. 结果昨天晚上的晚会很成功。in turn 是由“介词 in+名词”构成的短语，类似的还有：in need 需要in person 当面in return 作为回报in danger 处于危险中in order 有秩序in doubt 怀疑in case 万一in store 储备着in nature 本性in fact 事实上in short 简言之in advance 提前8. lead to 导致，引起Food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population.19 世纪 40 年代的食品短缺导致了人口数量的减少。归纳拓展：refer to 与 lead to 中的 to 均为介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词作宾语，类似的短语还有：belong to 属于object to 反对stick to 坚持devote to 献身于，致力于compareto 把比作contribute to 为做贡献get down to 开始认真做be used to 习惯于look forward to 期盼pay attention to 注意9. pin(on) 把责任加在（某人）身上; 寄希望于Dont try to pin the blame on me! 不要试图把责任往我身上推。10. coincidence 巧合; 一致This was a frightening thing. It could not be a coincidence. 这是一件可怕的事，不会这么巧吧。11. condemn vt. 迫使（某人）陷于不幸的境地; 责备; 惩罚She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.她知道社会会因为她遗弃孩子而谴责她。She was found guilty and condemned to death. 她被裁定有罪，判了死刑。12. sacrifice vt.&vi. 牺牲，献出; n. 牺牲，奉献He decided to sacrifice a trip for a new house. 为了购买新房子，他决定放弃旅行。He would rather sacrifice his life than see damage done to state property.他宁可牺牲自己的生命，也不愿看到国家财产受到损失。13. take action 采取行动归纳拓展：take action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事in action 在运转put/bringinto action 使开始运转14. advocate vt. 提倡，主张; n. 提倡者，主张者归纳拓展：advocate doing sth. 主张做某事advocate that(should) do 主张.He advocated that attention (should) be paid to conserving our woodlands for future generations.他主张应重视为后代子孙保护林地。15. play ones part (=play a part) 尽某人的本分; 起作用; 参与Childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping ones character.童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用。Health education will play a part in preparing us for old age.健康教育将为我们进入老年做好一定准备。turn to 转向，求助于，翻到16. substitute n.代替品; 代用品; 替补队员; vt.&vi. 用代替/顶替归纳拓展：a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/某物的代替者/替代品substitute A for B = substitute B with/by A 用 A 代替 BA substitute(s) for BA 取代 B表示“代替”的词语还有：take ones place, take the place of, replace, in place of等replace 的常用结构：replace A with/by B用 B 取代 A17. ahead of 提前，在前面He is always ahead of me in English. 他英语总是比我好。We should sacrifice our spare time to finish the task ahead of schedule.我们应该牺牲自己的业余时间来提前完成我们的任务。归纳拓展：ahead of time/ schedule 提前get ahead of 超过，胜过，超越go ahead 前进; 去吧，干吧look ahead 向前看，展望未来18. answer for 对（已产生的不良后果）负责任He is condemned to answer for his bad deeds some day.总有一天他注定会为自己做的错事负责的。19. behalf n.代表On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。归纳拓展：on ones behalf=on behalf of sb. 代表某人He went to negotiate with the opponents on behalf of his company. 他代表公司去跟竞争对手谈判了。例 1. (2014浙江高考)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with thevillagers without asking for anything _ .A. in returnB. in commonC. in turnD. in place解析：句意：待在村子里的那段时间，詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切，而不要任何东西作为回报。in return 作为回报;in common 共有，共用;in turn 依次，轮流; 反之in place 在恰当的位置。由关键信息 unselfishly shared和 without asking for anything 可知，此处表示“不要任何东西作为回报” 。答案：A。例 2. The little boy was so tired after running for half an hour that he was_ .A. out of actionB. out of touchC. out of breathD. out of reach解析：句意：跑了半个小时后小男孩累了，他上气不接下气。out of action 失效，失灵; out of touch失去联系; out of breath 上气不接下气; out of reach 够不着。答案：C。例 3. (2014江西高考) -Could I use this dictionary ?-_.Its a spare one.A. Good ideaB. Just go aheadD. Youd better not解析：句意： “我能借用一下字典吗？行，没人在用。”此题是日常借物的生活情景。由答句 Its a spare one .（没人在用字典）可知借物成功。Good idea 同意别人的建议; Youre welcome回答别人的致谢; Youd better not 表否定，劝诫别人最好别这样; Go ahead 常用来表示允许对方的请求，根据不同情景，可译为“行，用吧，请做”等。答案：B。例 4. （2015 北京西城第一学期期末） Theyve moved to a different house _ their children can attenda better school.A. in caseB. as long asC. so thatD. even though解析：句意：他们搬到了另一所房子，以便他们的孩子能够上一所比较好的学校。so that 引导目的状语从句，符合语境。in case 以防; as long as 只要; even though 即使。答案：C。例 5. He found it hard to_ a mother who stole bread for a hungry child.A. comfortB. competeC. complainD. condemn解析：句意：他发现很难去责怪一个为了饿肚子的孩子而偷面包的女人答案：D。C. Youre welcome基础演练一、单词拼写。1. This type of university course is no longer _（与有关）to todays problem.2. Is there any_（巧合之事）between his opinions and your own?3. The editor of the newspaper was_（谴责）as lacking integrity.4. Parents often make_ （牺牲）for their children.5. Home-made parts are being_（代替） for imported ones.6. He_ （主张）strongly that students should take exercise regularly to keep fit.二、单句语法填空。1. Soon after the earthquake, the army was called in to help rescue people_ (trap) in the fallenbuildings.2. A number of students _ (be) playing on the ground but I dont know what the exactnumber_(be).3. _ (give) time, he will make much progress in his English.4. The man _ (refer) at the meeting yesterday will be our new manager.5. We _ (put) Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.Keys：一、1. relevant2.coincidence4. sacrifices6. advocated2. are, is4. referred巩固提高一、单项选择。【】1. Angers makes you smaller, while forgiveness makes you grow_ what you were.A. withinB. behindC. withoutD. beyond【】2. I have always _Deng Xiaoping for his courage and determination to push Chinaforward.A. looked down uponC. looked aroundB. looked forward toD. looked up to3. condemned5. substituted二、1. trapped3. Given5. would have put【】3. -Are you free after school?-Sorry, I have planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner_ for help.A. in orderB. in returnC. in turnD. in honor-What a_! So am I.A. conclusionB. consequenceKeys：1-4 DDBC一、完成句子。1. In football matches teamwork_ _ _ _ _（起更重要的作用）than individual skills.2. A mother will _ _ _ _ _ _ （为了孩子献出自己的生命）.3. The detective tried to _ _ _ _ （把谋杀的罪名加在）theaccused man.4. The defendants lawyer argued that his past offenses_ _ _ （与无关）this position.5. It was wrong of him to _（诱骗那个男孩承认）that he had stolen the book.6. _ _ _ _（随着时间的推移）, we become more and morefamiliar.7. _ _ _（若没有你的帮助）, I couldnt have gone through such a bittertime.8. Getting angry too often can_ _ （导致）health problems.【】4. -I am going to London next Monday.C. coincidenceD. celebration9. Their coach must_ _ _ _ _ _ （为该队的不佳表现负责）10. _ _ _ _ _ （代表这里的每一个人） ，I wishyou a pleasant journey back to your country.二、单项选择。【】 1.(2014 海淀上学期期中 26 题) The equipment for disabled people should be _easy reachin public places.A. beyondB. nearC. withinD. around【】2.(2014顺义一模 22 题)These days, it seems that we rely on the Internet often, and we couldntpossibly live _it.A. onB. withoutA. in caseA. whileB. even thoughB. the momentC. withC. as ifC. suddenlyD. inD. now thatD. once【】3.(2014东城一模 32 题) I can remember my first day of school _it were yesterday.【】4. Ill give you an answer _ Ive finished reading your article.【】5. -Dont you think the new job is a real challenge for jack?-Well, _difficulties he meets, I believe he will never lose heart.A. wheneverB. howeverC. whicheverA. whatA. relaxA. followedA. AgainstA. is requiredKeys:一、1. plays a more important part2. sacrifice her life for her children4. were irrevelant to6. with time going on8. lead to10. On behalf of everyone here5-10 DCBAA3. pin the murder on5. trap the boy into admitting7. without your help9. answer for the teams poor performance二、1-5 CBCBD_一、完形填空(2015西城一模)B. whereB. relaxedB. being followedB. WithB. was requiredC. whenC. relaxingC. followingC. BeyondC. is requiringD. whateverD. howD. RelaxationD. having followedD. forD. will be requiring【】6._he worked out the problem in such a short time puzzled all of us.【】7. After supper, we took a _ walk.【】8. He suddenly had the feeling of _ . but when he looked around, there was nobody.【】9. Dont put your bicycle _ the window. The g lass can be easily broken.【】10. With China growing stronger, Chinese _ for learning in more and more foreign schools.The most important lesson I learned in high school had nothing to do with math or American history. Itcame at graduation, several minutes before I left Miramonte High School.I was rather shy back then, content to1around with my few friends and to concentrate on my2I was doing so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect scores and enough3to go to college.But my good record soon became a4to my well-being. In early June of senior year, theheadmaster called me into his office. He asked me to give a leave-taking speech at graduation. I looked athim, my heart5fast. This was the6for my hard work? I said something, but not very clearly, andhurried away from the office.I was7about the decision, finally agreeing to compromise. I wasnt the only speakerI would8the honor with five other students. Still, it was doubtful whether the task was9me. How in the worldwould I give a speech to hundreds of people?Graduation day soon arrived and, as10. I was nervous. Id been practicing my speech for days,and I had it11. But I had never been so12in my life. The first half hour of the ceremony passed,and then my13came. My name was announced. I managed to reach the platform without falling down.But within minutes, I was14, heading back to my seat.Now I still have the15of that speech. My voice trembled a little, but16it was clear and strong.Im proud of that tape. I achieved something Id never17I spoke in front of hundreds of people.18Ididnt realize it at the time, the successful completion of that speech gave me the19 to participate in classat college, to give oral reports, and to eventually break free of my20.I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation. But Im glad I did. I know it may well turnout to be one of my shining moments.【】1. A. hang【】2. A. characters【】3. A. money【】4. A. luck【】5. A. burning【】6. A. punishment【】7. A. doubtful【】8. A. share【】9. A. about【】10. A. known【】11. A. thrown【】12. A. interested【】13. A. moment【】14. A. defeated【】15. A. picture【】16. A. partially【】17. A. dreamed【】18. A. Because【】19. A. respect【】20. A. shynessB. lookB. interestsB. creditsB. benefitB. breakingB. rewardB. optimisticB. bringB. forB. hopedB. printedB. terrifiedB. clayB. stoppedB. tapeB. immediatelyB. madeB. WhenB. confidenceB. prideC. walkC. gamesC. timeC. fearC. achingC. arrangementC. generousC. spareC. uponC. expectedC. memorizedC. excitedC. chanceC. cloneC. paperC. franklyC. decidedC. AlthoughC. freedomC. stupidityD. runD. subjectsD. standardsD. solutionD. beatingD. sympathyD. hesitantD. giveD. beyondD. plannedD. completedD. disappointedD. decisionD. stuckD. wordD. mostlyD. requestedD. UnlessD. excuseD. courage二、阅读理解(2014朝阳一模)Editor Henry Slocum,I read your May 10th article in the local newspaper Honesdale Times about electronic books, ore-books, with great interest. You made several good points about the disadvantage of e-books. You mayhave overlooked, however, some of the ways in which they are superior to traditional books. Yes, e-booksare expensive, but they are also convenient. In addition, duo to their environment-friendly nature, e-bookshave the potential to change our planets for the better.E-books, for anyone who is unfamiliar with the term, are about the same size andshape as regularbooks. They have a large screen in the middle, however, this screen shows the reader a page of the text thathas been downloaded from a computer. Once the reader has finished reading the page on the e-book screen,he or she scrolls down to see a new page. The process continues until the entire book has been read.As you pointed out, Mr. Slocum, its great to lie on a warm, sandy beach with a book. You can do thatjust as easily with an e-book as you can with a traditional paper book. In fact, because e-books are so light,you can carry themselves. Say, for example, that you like to read on the bus. Which would you rather carrywith you-a heavy 800-page novel, or an e-book that weighs only a few ounces?Another important advantage is offered by e-books as well. They are more environment-friendly thantraditional books. At present, thousands of trees cut down each year to meet the publishing industrysdemand for paper. Books that dont sell are eventually returned to the publisher and destroyed, This terriblewaste could be avoided if everyone used e-books, which require no paper.Sincerely,David Eng【】1. What does Editor Henry Slocum think about e-books?Keys:A. InterestingB. ExpensiveC. ConvenientD. Environment-friendlyB. Why e-books are popularD. Who are the readers of e-books【】2. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A. What an e-book isC. How e-books have developed【】3. In Davids letter, he thinks that_A. E-books will come down in priceB. E-books come in various sizes and shapesC. E-books do little harm to the environmentD. E-books are no better than traditional booksA. explain how to read e-booksB. honor the person who invented e-booksC. scold publishers for wasting so much paperD. provide evidence that e-books are a good idea5-10 BDADC11-15 CBACB【】4. The main purpose of the letter is to _一、1-5 ADBCD二、1-4 BACD15-20 DACBA