景观设计外文文献翻译.pdf
毕毕 业业 设设 计计( (论论 文文) )外外 文文 参参 考考 资资译文题目：译文题目：design学生姓名：学生姓名：专专业：业：所在学院：所在学院：指导教师：指导教师：职职称：称：料料 及及 译译 文文Ecological planning in the urban landscape xxx学学号：号： xxxxxxxxxx园林园艺学院 xx讲师2013 年 3月 15日AbstractAbstract： This article discusses the urban landscape from the relation of thefollowing three concepts: the landscape， the city and the ecology。 This papermainly discusses how the landscape influences the citys living environment.Thelandscape is a stigma in the land ， which is of the relationship between human andhuman， between man and nature. There exists some subtle relationship amonglandscape， city and humanized design.摘要摘要:本文从景观、城市、生态三个概念之间的相互联系来论诉城市景观。本 文中着重论述了景观对城市居住环境的影响.景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大 地上的烙印。景观、城市、生态以及人性化的设计理念之间存在着微妙而复杂的联系.I I。 City and The LandscapeCity and The Landscape(1） Overview of Landscape DesignLandscape design， first， is a peoples thinking activity, performed as an artactivity.Diversified thoughtsformedcomplexdiverselandscapeartstyle 。Contemporary landscape design apparently see is the diversity of the landscapeforms,in fact its essence is to keep the closing up to the natural order system, reflectedthe more respect for human beings， more in-depth perspective of the nature ofhumans reality and need, not to try to conquer the nature。it is not even imitatingnatural， but produce a sense of belonging. Landscape is not only a phenomenon butthe human visual scene。 So the earliest landscape implications is actually city scene.Landscape design and creation is actually to build the city。(2) The Relationship Between Landscape and UrbanCity is a product of human social, economic and cultural development, and the mostcomplex type. It is vulnerable to the artificial and natural environmental conditions ofinterference。 In recent decades， with worldwide the acceleration of urbanization,the urban population intensive， heavy traffic, resource shortage， environmentpollution and ecology deterioration has become the focus of attention of the humansociety. In the current environment condition in our country， the problem is veryserious。 and in some urban areas, the pollution has quite serious， and greatlyinfluenced and restricts the sustainable development of the city.Landscape is the relationship between man and man, man and nature. This is, in fact，a kind of human living process. Living process is actually with the powers of natureand the interaction process，in order to obtain harmonious process。The landscape isthe result of human life in order to survive and to adapt the natural。 At the same time,the living process is also a process of establishning harmonious coexistence.Therefore, as a colony landscape， it is a stigma of the relationship between man andnature。II the city landscape planning and design(1） city landscape elementsThe urban landscape elements include natural landscape and artificial landscape .Among them, the natural landscape is mainly refers to the natural scenery, such assize hills, ancient and famous trees， stone， rivers, lakes， oceans, etc。 Artificiallandscape are the main cultural relics, cultural site, the botanical garden afforestation,art sketch，trade fairs，build structure，square, etc。These landscape elements mustoffer a lot of examples for creating high quality of the urban space environment. Butfor a unique urban landscape ， you must put all sorts of landscape elements in thesystem organization,and create an orderly space form.（2）the urban landscape in the planningThe city is an organic whole, which is composed with material, economy, culture, andsociety。To improve the urban environment is a common voice。The key of the urbanlandscape design is to strengthen urban design ideas， strengthen urban design work.and blend urban design thought into the stages of urban planning. The overall urbanplanning in the city landscape planning is not to abandon the traditional garden，green space planning， but the extension and development of it.Both are no conflict，but also cannot be equal。In landscape planningof city planning, we should firstanalysis the urban landscape resources structure， fully exploit landscape elementswhich can reflect the characteristics of urban。Consider carefully for the formation ofthe system of urban landscape。III ecological planning and urban landscape （1) the relationship of urban landscapeand ecological planning Landscape ecology is a newly emerged cross discipline, themain research space pattern and ecological processes of interaction， its theme is thefork the geography and ecology. Its with the whole landscape as the object， throughthe material flow, energy flow and informationflowing the surface of the earth andvalue in transmission and exchange, through the biological and the biological and theinteraction between human and transformation, the ecological system principle andsystem research methods of landscape structure and function。the dynamic change of landscape has interaction mechanism， the research of thelandscape pattern, optimizing the structure, beautify the reasonable use and theprotection， have very strong practicability. Urban ecological system is a natural,economic and social composite artificial ecosystem, it including life system，environment system, with a complex multi-level structure, can be in differentapproaches of human activity and the mutual relationship between the city andinfluence。 Urban environment planning guidance and coordination as a macrodepartment interests, optimizing the allocation of land resources city， reasonableurban space environment organization the important strategic deployment，must haveecological concept。Only to have the ecological view, to guide the construction of thecity in the future to ecological city goal, to establish the harmonious livingenvironment. In recent years, landscape planning in urban landscape featuresprotection and urban environment design is wide used.(2） landscape in the living environment of ecological effectLandscape as a unit of land by different inlaid with obvious visual characteristics ofthe geographic entities, with the economic, ecological and aesthetic value， themultiple value judgment is landscape planning and management foundation。Landscape planning and design always is to create a pleasant landscape as the center.The appropriate human nature can understand the landscape for more suitable forhuman survival, reflect ecological civilization living environment，includinglandscape, building economy, prudent sexecological stability, environmentalcleanliness， space crowded index， landscape beautiful degree of content， thecurrent many places for residential area of green，static，beauty，Anns requirementis the popular expression. Landscape also paid special attention to the spatialrelationship landscape elements, such as shape and size,density and capacity, links ，and partition， location and of sequence ， as their content of material and naturalresources as important as quality。 As the urban landscape planning should payattention to arrange the city space pattern， the relative concentration of the openspace, the construction space to density alternate with； In artificial environmentappeared to nature; Increase the visual landscape diversity； Protect the environmentMinGanOu and to promote green space system construction.（3) the urban landscape and ecological planning and design of the fusion of eachother.The city landscape and ecological planning design reflects human a new dream,it is accompanied by industrialization and after the arrival of the era of industrial andincreasingly clear。 Natural and cultural， design of the environment and lifeenvironment， beautiful form and ecological functions of real comprehensive fusion，the landscape is no longer a single city of specific land， but let the ablation ， tothousands；It will let nature participate in design；Let the natural process with everyone according to daily life; Let people to perception， experience and care the naturalprocess and natural design。(4） the city landscape ecological planning the humanized design1。 ”it is with the person this design thought Contemporary landscape in meetpurpose at the same time, more in-depth perspective on human of the nature of realityand needs. First performance for civilian design direction， application of naturalorganic materials and elastic curve form rich human life space。 Next is thebarrier-free design, namely no obstacle， not dangerous thing， no manipulation ofthe barrier design. Now there have been the elderly, the disabled， from theperspective of the social tendency, barrier-free design ideas began to gain popularity,at the same time for disadvantaged people to carry on the design also is human naturedesign to overall depth direction development trend 。 ”It is with the person this theservice thoughts still behave in special attention to plant of bright color ， smell goodplant， pay attention to ZuoJu texture and the intensity of the light。 The detailprocessing of considerate more expression of the concern, such as the only step toshop often caused visual ignored and cause staggered, in order to avoid this kind ofcircumstance happening， contemporary landscape sites do not be allowed under 3steps; And as some residential area and square in the bush set mop pool， convenientthe districts hygiene and wastewater recycling water。 ”It is with the person this theservice thoughts in many ways showed, the measure of the standard is human love.1。 1 human landscape design concept is human landscape design is to point to inlandscape design activity, pay attention to human needs ， in view of the user to theenvironment of the landscape of a need to spread design， which satisfied the userphysiological and psychological，physical and mental” multi-level needs，embodies the people-oriented” design thought. Urban public space human landscapedesign, from the following four aspects to understand：1。 1。1 physical level of care. Human landscape design with functional and therationality of design into premise condition， pay attention to the physical spacereasonable layout and effective use of the function 。 Public space design should notonly make peoples psychology and physiology feel comfortable， still shouldconfiguration of facilities to meet peoples complex activities demand1. The level of caring heart 1.2 Daniel。 In construction material form of the space atthe same time， the positive psychology advocate for users with the attention thatemotion， and then make the person place to form the security， field feeling andbelonging。1。 1。3 club will level of care. Emphasizes the concern of human survivalenvironment, the design in the area under the background of urban ecological overallplanning and design， to make the resources， energy rationally and effectivelyusing， to achieve the natural, social and economic benefits of the unity of the three。1. 1.4 to a crowd of segmentation close care. Advocate barrierfree design， and tryto meet the needs of different people use, and to ensure that the group of mutualinfluence between activities, let children， old people, disabled people can enjoyoutdoor public the fun of life。1。 2 and human landscape design related environmental behavior knowledge theenvironment behavior is human landscape design, the main research field, payattention to the environment and peoples explicit behavior and the relationshipbetween the interaction， tried to use the psychology of the some basic theory，methods researchers in the city and architecture in activities and to the environment ofthe response, and the feedback the information can be used to guide the environmentconstruction and renovation。 Western psychologist dirk DE Joan to put forward theboundary effect theory. He points out that the edge of space is people like to stay area,also is the space of the growth of the activity area 3.Like the urban space ， themargin of the wood， down the street, and the rain at the awning, awnings， corridorconstruction sunken place, is people like the place to stay. At the edge of space, andother people or organizations to distance themselves are is better able to observe thespace of the eyes and not to be disturbed. ”Man seeth” is the persons nature. A largepublic space are existing the man seeth phenomenon: the viewer consciously orunconsciously observation， in the space in front of the all activities 。 At the sametime，some of the people with strong performance desire，in public space in variousactivities to attract the attention of others， so as to achieve self-fulfillment cheerful。The seemingly simple man seeth” phenomenon， but can promote space moreactivities production. For example, for a walk of pedestrians may be busy streetperformance and to join the ranks of the show attracts ， with the strange because theaudience is the sight of the activities of the wonderful and short conversation， artlovers of the infection by environmental atmosphere began to sketch activities.Environmental design， according to environmental behavior related knowledge，actively create boundary space provide people stay, rest, the place of talking tofacilitate more spaceActivities of generation， the rich visitors sensory experiences2。 The design of the sustainable developmentSustainable development principle, it is the ecology point of view, to the city systemanalysis， and with the minimum the minimal resource consumption to satisfy therequirements of the human， and maintain the harmony of human and the naturalenvironment, guarantee the city several composition systemto protect naturalevolution process of open space system and the urban development system balance 。People are to landscape understanding of the contemporary landscape design and thefunction to reflect, have been completely out of the traditional gardening activities,the concept of landscape art value unconsciously and ecological value, the functionvalue， cultural value happened relationship， landscape art category than beforemore pointed to the human is closely linked with the various aspects ， become moreprofound and science. Contemporary landscape also actively use new technology toimprove the ecological value. Such as the use of solar energy for square garden,lighting and sound box equipment supply electricity; The surface water ”cycle”design concept， collecting rainwater for irrigation and waterscape provides the mainresources； Using the principle of the construction of the footway, buoys thatenvironmental protection level a kiss and interesting. And by using water scenedrought， landscape water do ecology (ecological wetland)， ecological XiGou halfnatural change landscape humanized waterscape design， avoid the manual waterscene is the difficulty of the later-period management， but in the water since the net，purifying environment and promote biodiversity play a huge role. Therefore， toexperience the landscape will surely is contained to nature and the tradition, to humancompatibility.The urban landscape the principles of sustainable development and implementationdetails:2。1 the efficiency of land use princip
