历年英语一阅读真题考研精品.docx

历年英语一阅读真题考研历年英语一阅读真题考研1 Text 4 Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful， provocative magazine cover story， “I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands. In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesnt seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldnt have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake. Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small， subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring Atemporary delight Benjoyment in progress Chappiness in retrospect Dlasting reward 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that Acelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention. Cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining. Dhaving children is highly valued by the public. 38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks Aare constantly exposed to criticism. Bare largely ignored by the media. Cfail to fulfill their social responsibilities. Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life. 39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is Asoothing. Bambiguous. Ccompensatory. Dmisleading. 40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? AHaving children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms. BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. DWe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing. 历年英语一阅读真题考研2 Text4 Two years ago. Rupert Murdoch's daughter, spoke at the unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanismin society should be profit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit. Driving her point home, she continuedIt's increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability. The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers. 36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by (A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism. (B) companies' financial loss due to immoral practices (C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues. (D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that (A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime. (B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking. (C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge. (D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions. 38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence (A) revealed a cunning personality. (B) centered on trivial issues. (C) was hardly convincing. (D) was part of a conspiracy. 39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows (A) generally distorted values. (B) unfair wealth distribution. (C) a marginalized lifestyle. (D) a rigid moral code. 40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? (A) The quality of writings is of primary importance. (B) Common humanity is central to news reporting. (C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. (D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. 历年英语一阅读真题考研3 Text 4 The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPSs ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization. Now comes word that everyone involved-Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest usershas finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union. If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. Theres no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agencys costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that theyre getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century. 36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by A. its unbalanced budget. B .its rigid management. C .the cost for technical upgrading. D. the withdrawal of bank support. 37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to A. the interference from interest groups. B .the inadequate funding from Congress. C .the shrinking demand for postal service. D .the incompetence of postal unions. 38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by A .removing its burden of retiree health care. B .making more investment in new vehicles. C .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism. D. attracting more first-class mail users. 39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with A respect. B tolerance. C discontent. D gratitude. 40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days B .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese C .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure D .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid 历年英语一阅读真题考研4 Text 4 “The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others to maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education. In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. One of the more novel ideas in the report is the creation of a Culture Corps in cities and town across America to transmit humanistic and social scientific expertise from one generation to the next. Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, The Heart of the Matter never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating progressive, or left-liberal propaganda. Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal idea