英语阅读理解考研真题优质.docx

英语阅读理解考研真题英语阅读理解考研真题1 Text 2 A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platform. Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant. Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded. Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement. Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group. So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on social media. 26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on A the justification of the news-filtering practice. B peoples preference for social media platforms. C the administrations ability to handle information. D social media was a reliable source of news. 27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to A sharpen B define C boast D share 28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people A tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace. B verify news by referring to diverse resources. C have s strong sense of responsibility. D like to exchange views on “distributed trust” 29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is A readers outdated values. B journalists biased reporting C readers misinterpretation D journalists made-up stories. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online B A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend C The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media. D The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests. 英语阅读理解考研真题2 Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses， he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure， executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are， but thats been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.” 26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant. Bfrank. Cself-centered. Dimpulsive. 27. According to Paragraph 2， senior executives quitting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status. Btheir need to reflect on their private life. Ctheir strained relations with the boards. Dtheir pursuit of new career goals. 28. The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of. Battended to. Chunted for. Dguarded against. 29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts. Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated. Ctop performers care more about reputations. Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? ACEOs： Where to Go? BCEOs： All the Way Up? CTop Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers 英语阅读理解考研真题3 Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: A ease competition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers D provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: A online advertisers B e-commerce conductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry C will not benefit consumers D goes against human nature 29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: A indulgence B understanding C appreciaction D skepticism 英语阅读理解考研真题4 Text 2 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to Athe growing demand from clients. Bthe increasing pressure of inflation. Cthe prospect of working in big firms. Dthe attraction of financial rewards. 27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states? AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. BAdmissions approval from the bar association. CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major. DReceiving training by professional associations. 28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from Alawyers and clients strong resistance. Bthe rigid bodies governing the profession. Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers. Dnon-professionals sharp criticism. 29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it Abans outsiders involvement in the profession. Bkeeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares. Caggravates the ethical situation in the trade. Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits. 30.In this text, the author mainly discusses Aflawed ownership of Americas law firms and its causes. Bthe factors that help make a successful lawyer in America. Ca problem in Americas legal profession and solutions to it. Dthe role of undergraduate studies in Americas legal education. 英语阅读理解