2022年内蒙古大学英语考试模拟卷（8）.docx

2022年内蒙古大学英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.BTEXT A/B A twenty-year-old immigrant, Levi Strauss, came to the United States in 1850 to seek his fortune in the gold fields. But strangely enough, this man made his fortune on heavy canvas that he found suitable for working clothes. Strauss jeans were particularly good for prospectors and cowboys. In the early days of jeans, this man couldnt have guessed that his pants, made only for rough work, would become so popular at all levels of society. Yes, this is a fact: jeans have become fashionable in our society. Furthermore, these pants have come to symbolize changes in social attitude. In the last decade or two we have seen movements toward equality as well as defiance of authority. Jeans, now worn by everybody, can be said to symbolize these changes for the better. In the past, only men wore jeans, and those men were at the bottom - socially and economically. Jeans were worn by truck drivers, farm and factory workers. Today, jeans no longer are looked down upon. They are worn by both men and women, by both skilled and unskilled workers, by both employees and employers. This common way of dressing symbolizes respect for individuality, no matter what your occupation or sex. In the fight against authority, young people have been the leaders, So it is natural that teenagers would defy parents and school administrators over the right to wear jeans to class and win. Jeans are the typical dress of civil rights marchers, fans at rock concerts, "hippies" returning to nature, and serious college students. Because everyone can be comfortable in them, the blue jeans invented for the use of workers are now accepted almost anywhere, anytime. This is true not only in the United States, but in many other countries in the world. I strongly agree with the following statement: "Old or new, glorified or plain, jeans are likely to be around for a long time to come. Already they have succeeded where statesmanship has failed. Although unable to speak the same language, the inhabitants of this embattled planet have at least agreed to wear the same pants." The last two sentences imply that _.Astatesmen in the world are less competent than jeansBthe inhabitants of the world should speak the same languageCstatesmen have failed to reach agreement on many major issues of the worldDjeans will help statesmen to reach agreement on some world issues 2.BTEXT D/B As the cost of gas and oil for home heating has gone up, many Americans have switched from these fuels to wood for heating their homes. In 1973, approximately 200,000 wood-burning stoves, intended for home use, were sold in the United States; by 1979, this figure had reached one million; and by the end of 1981, there were as many as seven million home owned wood-burning units in operation in the U. S. In addition to low fuel bills, many people choose these stoves because their initial cost is very low (the prices range from $ 50 kits to $ 5,000 top-of-the-line models), and because new technology has made wood fires more efficient, cleaner, and, therefore, safer than ever before. One new technological feature of this type is the catalytic(催化) combustor which adds about $ 100 to $ 200 to the cost of the stove, but which causes much more complete combustion (燃烧) of the wood and therefore bums up more of the pollutants left by incomplete combustion and produces more heat. A second cost-saving innovation is a device which agitates the wood, increasing the amount of oxygen that reaches the center of the wood pile, and leading to more efficient combustion. The real advantage of this device is that it allows the owner to make use of cheap sources of wood such as dirty wood chips (an industrial by-product) that have almost no commercial value, cost as little as $ 20 a ton, and burn very inefficiently in furnaces without an agitator. The passage states that _.Amany Americans have switched from hydrocarbon-based fuels to wood because the price of the latter has risenBsome wood-burning stoves cost up to one hundred times more than othersCcatalytic combustors increase the amount of pollution caused by wood burning stovesDagitators are cheaper addition to wood-burning stoves than catalytic combustors 3.BTEXT E/B As citizens of advanced but vulnerable economies, we must either relentlessly increase the quality of our skills or see our standard of living erode. For the future, competition between nations will be increasingly based on technological skill. Oil and natural resources will still be important, but they no longer will determine a nations economic strength. This will now be a matter of the way people organize themselves and the nature and quality of their work. Japan and the "new Japans" of East Asia are demonstrating this point in ways that are becoming painfully obvious to the older industrial countries. There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Todays competition renders obsolete huge chunks of what we know and what forces us to innovate. For each individual, several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools, and even individuals will turn to technology for the answer. In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiring a computer for each student. It is estimated that 500,000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers in schools expands rapidly. The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves a thousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and serf-paced. Teachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched. It is striking how much current teaching is a product of pencil and paper technology. With the computers capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. On every-day level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidly-without being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class. In short, once we learn to use this new brain outside the brain, education will never be the same. Industry, faced with the pressures of a rapidly shifting market, is already designing new methods to retrain its workers. In the United States, a technological university has been set up to teach engineering courses by satellite. And the advances in telecommunications and computational power will dramatically expand the opportunities for national and international efforts in education and training. Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that computers uniquely change the potential for equipping todays citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future. Particularly in Europe and the United Sates, innovation will be the basis for continued prosperity. New competitors are emerging to challenge the old economic arrangements. How successfully we respond will depend on how much we invest in people and how wisely we employ the learning tools of the new technology. The word "Proteus" is closest in meaning to _.AflexibilityBdiversityCvarietyDmultiplicity 4.BTEXT C/B Blind people usually possess one advantage over other people who can see: their sense of hearing is far more acute. Sounds which most others would miss can carry a great deal of information to a sightless person. For instance, teams of blind children can enjoy fast-moving games of soccer with a bell inside the ball and a new hand-held ultrasonic device to guide them. And that sound-location system could help to build up an even more complete sound picture of a blind persons surroundings. Bats, whose sight is poor, use a sound-location system to help them avoid obstacles in the dark. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. As the echoes bounce back off obstacles such as trees and walls, the bats are able to take appropriate action. The first steps to help blind people to see with sound are based on exactly the same principle. The sound is emitted by an ultrasonic torch, shaped like a double-barreled version of a normal electric torch. It works in a similar Way to a sonar u nit on a warship or submarine. The units transmitter sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves at the same frequency as the bat, and the receiver picks up the returning echoes. Because these are still above the frequency at which the human ear can pick them up, the echoes are filtered through circuits which turn them into clearly audible bleeps before passing them into headphones. This means that a person holding the torch can point it ahead of him and scanthe area for obstacles over a range of about 25 ft. ff there are no return echoes coming through the headphones, then there is nothing in the way. If echoes do come back, then the closer the obstruction, the faster the succession of bleeps and the deeper the pitch of each bleep. With practice the torch could help a blind person to lead a more normal life - without needing a constant companion to guide him. Experienced operators of the torch system claim they can distinguish grass from bushes, trees, pests and curbstones. But before blind people can be helped to feel really independent, the system needs to be more streamlined. At pres ent, the experimental ultrasonic torch requires a shoulder bag to carry the batteries, cables for the power supplies and earphones, in addition to the torch itself. But miniaturization of electronic equipment is making such rapid progress that it should not be long before the whole set-up can be reproduced in a form small enough to fit into a pair of spectacles. The transmitter and power supplies, with all the circuitry, would be packed into the bridge-piece above the nose. The sending and receiving sensors would be in the lenses. And the filtered bleeps would be passed on to the wearer through the earpieces, as with present-day hearing-aid spectacles. This would mean that scanning ones surroundings would become instinctive. The wearer would face in the direction he wanted to check, and lift or lower his head just as a sighted person would. The returning echoes the receiver picks up are _.Adearly audible bleepsBinaudible to human earsCimmediately passed on to headphonesDfiltered through the transmitter 5.BTEXT C/B Blind people usually possess one advantage over other people who can see: their sense of hearing is far more acute. Sounds which most others would miss can carry a great deal of information to a sightless person. For instance, teams of blind children can enjoy fast-moving games of soccer with a bell inside the ball and a new hand-held ultrasonic device to guide them. And that sound-location system could help to build up an even more complete sound picture of a blind persons surroundings. Bats, whose sight is poor, use a sound-location system to help them avoid obstacles in the dark. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. As the echoes bounce back off obstacles such as trees and walls, the bats are able to take appropriate action. The first steps to help blind people to see with sound are based on exactly the same principle. The sound is emitted by an ultrasonic torch, shaped like a double-barreled version of a normal electric torch. It works in a similar Way to a sonar u nit on a warship or submarine. The units transmitter sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves at the same frequency as the bat, and the receiver picks up the returning echoes. Because these are still above the frequency at which the human ear can pick them up, the echoes are filtered through circuits which turn them into clearly audible bleeps before passing them into headphones. This means that a person holding the torch can point it ahead of him and scanthe area for obstacles over a range of about 25 ft. ff there are no return echoes coming through the headphones, then there is nothing in the way. If echoes do come back, then the closer the obstruction, the faster the succession of bleeps and the deeper the pitch of each bleep. With practice the torch could help a blind person to lead a more normal life - without needing a constant companion to guide him. Experienced operators of the torch system claim they can distinguish grass from bushes, trees, pests and curbstones. But before blind people can be helped to feel really independent, the system needs to be more streamlined. At pres ent, the experimental ultrasonic torch requires a shoulder bag to carry the batteries, cables for the power supplies and earphones, in addition to the torch itself. But miniaturization of electronic equipment is making such rapid progress that it should not be long before the whole set-up can be reproduced in a form small enough to fit into a pair of spectacles. The transmitter and power supplies, with all the circuitry, would be packed into the bridge-piece above the nose. The sending and receiving sensors would be in the lenses. And the filtered bleeps would be passed on to the wearer through the earpieces, as with present-day hearing-aid spectacles. This would mean that scanning ones surroundings would become instinctive. The wearer would face in the direction he wanted to check, and lift or lower his head just as a sighted person would. Which of the following is NOT true about the ultrasonic torchAIt enables the blind to live a more normal life.BIt is mainly used to scan the area in front of the operator for obstacles.CFast succession of bleeps indicates that the obstacle is near.DIts sound can warn other people of the blind mans approach.