现在完成时语法讲解ppt课件.pptx
语法语法-时态时态-现在现在完成时完成时1.She works in a factory.2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week.5.Are you helping your mother ?过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时the Present Perfect Tense现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时的含义现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与延续性动词have been 与have gone 比较与一般过去时的用法比较含义现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，一般解释为“（到现在为止）已经做了.”I have seen the film.(我现在已经看过这部电影，了解这部电影的内容)I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）构成主语+ have/has + 动词过去分词done I have seen the film.助动词：第三人称单数过去分词的规则变化：talk - talked 直接+ed like - liked 不发音e结尾 +d study -studied 辅音字母+y stop -stopped 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节过去分词的不规则变化：个别记忆注意规律基本句型肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 一般疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?例句： I have seen the film.现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 - Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。常与表示持续的时间状语连用。 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。-She has studied English for 5 years. -He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born. 现在完成时的时间状语常与already never ever just yet before up to now so far for the last few weeks these days since for a long time 连用在用法1时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just表示“刚刚”，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作d）before用于句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before.我以前见过它。Has she ridden a bike before ?她以前骑过自行车吗？在用法2时，现在完成时常与since ，for ，so far 等时间状语连用。a）for + 一段时间I have studied English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)I have been here for 5 weeks.我已经在这待了五周。b）since+表示过去某一时间的)时间点/词组/从句(一般过去时)I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.I have been here (ever) since.I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.I have lived here for 10 years.I have lived here since 2000.How long have you lived here?注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.I have left for 5 years. XI have been away for 5 years. 短暂性动词与持续性动词英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,have,keep,study等短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, 等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或how long短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词 buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeep Come/go /becomebe put on- wear2.转换成be+名词 join the army be a soldier join the Party be a Party member go to school be a student 3. 转换成be+形容词或副词 diebe dead finish be over beginbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed4.转换成 be+介词短语 go to school be in school join the army be in the army例句We bought the book three years ago. We have had the book for three years.He caught a cold three days ago. He has had a cold for three days.短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词buyhave borrowkeepclosebe closedopenbe opencome to, go to be in (at)joinbe a member of, be a member, be in, move tolive indiebe deadleave/ gobe away (from)wakeawakestart, beginbe onend/ finishbe overfall asleep, get to sleepbe asleepfall/ get ill/ sickbe ill/ sickget up be up短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词return, come back, get back, go backbe backreach, arrive in/ at, get to be in (at)get, turn, become (变得；变得；成为成为)behear from, get/ receive a letter fromhave a letter fromgo outbe outcatch a coldhave a coldput onwear短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词练习判断：He has arrived at the station for half an hour( )选择：He _the League since two years ago A.Joined B. has joined C. has been in翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了have (has) gone和和have (has) been, have (has) been in 的区别的区别1.have (has) gone (to)表示表示“已经去某地了已经去某地了”（还没回来）（还没回来）She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have (has) been (to) 表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”（是一种经历，现（是一种经历，现在已经回来了或就在说话地在已经回来了或就在说话地), 可以和可以和once, twice, often, never, ever连用。连用。She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。她曾经去过。)3. have (has) been in表示表示“待在某地待在某地”，和表示一段时间的时，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如间状语连用，如for+ 时间段，时间段， since+ 时间点。时间点。He has been in America for 6 years.1._ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A.Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 2.-_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A.Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 3.-You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A.has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 4.Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A.has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 5. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A.came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpast现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。 I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday . 有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。Ive written three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午）（说话时仍是上午）I wrote three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午或晚上）（说话时仍是上午或晚上） 现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。动作或事情。 I have taught this class for ten years. （还在教）（还在教） I taught this class for two years. （曾教过两年，现在不教了）（曾教过两年，现在不教了）1.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换3.我借的这本书一周多了我借的这本书一周多了. I have kept the book for a week .4.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book a week ago.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.Correcting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since 2000.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice10, The dog has died for a month. hashas been indidopenbeen tobeen dead
