2022年北京在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（8）.docx

2022年北京在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. It had been a tiring day and I was looking forward to a quiet evening. My husband would not be back until (41) and I had decided to settle down in a comfortable chair in the living room and read a good book. I (42) the children to bed early and (43) a sandwich and a cup of coffee. Soon I was (44) comfortably with my book in front of me and the sandwich and cup of coffee (45) a tray beside me. I was just beginning to eat (46) the telephone rang. I dropped my book and hurried to answer it. (47) the time I got back to the living room, my coffee was cold. I ate the sandwich and began sipping(呷) (48) coffee with the book still open (49) the first page. Suddenly there was a loud knock (50) the front door. It startled me so (51) that I (52) some coffee on my skirt. The man (53) the door was looking for a (54) address and wanted me to give him directions. It took me a long time (55) him. After that, I sat down again and (56) to read a whole page without further interruption until the baby woke up. He started screaming at the top of his (57) , so I rushed upstairs. He was still (58) at 11 oclock when my husband came home, I (59) something at him when he asked me (60) I had spent a pleasant evening. AmendedBfixedCrepairedDfitted 2.Passage Two In July 1994, the comet(彗星) Shoemaker-Levy 9 smashed into the planet Jupiter. For the first time, humans were able to witness exactly what happens when a celestial(天空的) body collides with a planet and it quickly became clear that survival was no longer entirely a question of being the "fittest". A new factor had been introduced into evolution: the ability to survive a collision between the earth and an asteroid (小行星) or comet. To most people, the risk remains academic. With all the dangers humans face - sickness, accidents- it is understandable that people dont take seriously the risks posed by something that hasnt happened for 65 million years and may not happen for another 65 million years. However, many scientists believe that collisions between the earth and celestial bodies cannot be regarded as "just another risk". The main reason for this is that no other disaster - except perhaps a nuclear war - has the potential to destroy human civilization completely. Even the worst floods and earthquakes affect only a very small percentage of the earths surface and population. But the effects of an impact caused by a celestial body of just ten kilometers in diameter would make humans extinct, along with most of the worlds other animals and plants. The danger comes from asteroids and comets which cross the earths orbit. Asteroids pose a greater danger because they are more numerous. Those less than 100 meters in diameter are not usually regarded as a threat bemuse most are destroyed by heat as they enter the earths atmosphere and so never reach the ground. It is those asteroids with diameters of one kilometer or more which pose the greatest threat.Compared with comets, asteroids are a major threat to the earth because _. Athey are larger in sizeBthey are closer to the earthCthey are larger in numberDthey are easier to change their orbits 3.Passage One As they grow older, most people wonder how increasing age will affect intelligence. Can people in middle age and beyond expect to think as effectively and to solve problems as efficiently as they have in the past One of the difficulties in comparing the intellectual functioning of people at different ages is the problem of cohort(具有相同特征的)一群人) effects. Different age groups in the population have experienced different historical events (wars, exposure to television, and so on) as well as changes in the general standard of living. Different scores that people of varying ages achieve on intelligence tests could be partly due to changes in diet, housing, or health care or, even more likely, to the amount and quality of education. Since the beginning of this century, there has been a trend for more people to go to school and to remain in school longer. Because it eliminates these cohort effects, a longevous (长寿的) study may be the best way to look at age-related changes in intellectual functioning. One of the few longevous studies of intellectual functioning is the Seattle Longevous Study, conducted by K. Warner Schaie and his associates. The original subjects, who ranged in age from 18 to 67, have now been tested 4 times over a 21 year period. These results have given a reasonably good picture of longitudinal(纵向的) change in cognitive abilities. The data show that there are only trivial changes in the kinds of abilities measured by intelligence tests before the age of 60, and no reliable decrease can be shown in these abilities before age 74. Although there is some decrease in measured ability in the late 60s and the 70s, it is not until age 81 that the average person falls below the middle range of performance for young adults. The data from the Seattle Longevous Study also suggest that there are very great individual differences in intellectual change throughout adulthood. Between the ages of 74 and 81, less than half the subjects showed any significant change. One important factor is health, especially the presence or absence of coronary(冠状) heart disease. Another is a high socioeconomic status, which is related not only to higher initial levels of functioning but to the maintenance of a higher level throughout life. A flexible life style in middle age, probably associated with a flexible personality style, also tends to predict high performance in old age. While some of these variables may have substantial hereditary (遗传的) elements, changes in environment and education could also be important in maintaining a higher level of functioning for many individuals.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage AKeeping higher levels of functioning throughout adulthood can guarantee high performance in old age.BCoronary heart disease can change cognitive abilities greatly.CAll the people have more or less the same intellectual change over the tire span.DChanges in environment can affect the intellectual functioning for many people. 4.Passage Three Thousands of gypsies have been trying to emigrate to Canada and Britain. They say they are fleeing persecution(迫害), but most have found they are not welcome in these countries either. Gypsies have never had a home. Europe has experienced enormous upheavals this century. Wars, revolutions, separations and elections have changed the political map of the continent countless times. And with each change, power has shifted, creating new winners and new losers. But for one group - the gypsies - change has always meant losing. With each upheaval, the gypsies have been left worse off than they were before. Yet they have survived to become Europes largest minority. Moreover, they have succeeded in preserving their culture and their way of life in the face of genocide (种族灭绝), political persecution and poverty. In other cases where minorities have survived similar persecutions - like Jews during World War , or blacks in South Africa - their cause has received international support. By contrast, the gypsies success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead, it s viewed as proof they are both unwilling and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable (不可救药的). Indeed, in 1993, the president of the Slovak Republic attacked their way of life and said steps should be taken to limit the extension of this socially unacceptable and mentally backward population. If such a thing had been said about any other minority, the political protest would have been enormous But, bemuse the Slovak President was referring to gypsies, there were few complaints, except from a few small organizations who try to protect gypsies rights.After each upheaval, the gypsies lived in conditions _. Amore pleasant than beforeBmore favorable than beforeCmore difficult than beforeDmore diverse than before 5.Passage Four An Ohio State University study has linked behavior in young children with the type of job their mother has. Mothers with complex occupations that are self-directed and require working with other people tended to have offspring with relatively low levels of behavior problems. The opposite held true when the jobs were routine, closely supervised, and dealt with things, rather than people. "A job that challenges and interests a mother and gives her an opportunity to exercise judgment and solve problems clearly has positive consequences for her childrens behavior," indicates associate professor of sociology Elizabeth Menaghan. Occupations with more positive conditions include management, sales, and teaching positions. Jobs that may be related to increased child behavior problems include book-keeping, food service, and assembly line positions. Women who are supervised closely at work and made to follow strict orders may be more likely to use this same style in raising their kids. They may emphasize obedience to parental authority and the potential for physical punishment. "We believe that the choice of such a parenting style may increase the frequency of behavior problems in children." On the other hand, mothers whose jobs are less controlled by supervisors and who must work closely with other people probably rely less on physical punishment, instead encouraging children to think about consequences of their actions and take responsibility for their behavior. Such an approach encourages youngsters to follow parental demands even when they arent being supervised because they have accepted parental values as their own. Moreover, mothers whose jobs dont involve constant supervision "develop problem-solving skills that they can bring to other parts of their life". The research also found that those who have more challenging and interesting jobs provide better home environments for their children. The mothers give their offspring more intellectual stimulation and emotional support, and this, in turn, is linked to fewer behavior problems.What is the main idea of this passage AMothers jobs may affect kids future career.BMothers jobs may affect kids behavior.CClosely supervised women often punish children.DYoungsters like to follow parental demands. 6. It had been a tiring day and I was looking forward to a quiet evening. My husband would not be back until (41) and I had decided to settle down in a comfortable chair in the living room and read a good book. I (42) the children to bed early and (43) a sandwich and a cup of coffee. Soon I was (44) comfortably with my book in front of me and the sandwich and cup of coffee (45) a tray beside me. I was just beginning to eat (46) the telephone rang. I dropped my book and hurried to answer it. (47) the time I got back to the living room, my coffee was cold. I ate the sandwich and began sipping(呷) (48) coffee with the book still open (49) the first page. Suddenly there was a loud knock (50) the front door. It startled me so (51) that I (52) some coffee on my skirt. The man (53) the door was looking for a (54) address and wanted me to give him directions. It took me a long time (55) him. After that, I sat down again and (56) to read a whole page without further interruption until the baby woke up. He started screaming at the top of his (57) , so I rushed upstairs. He was still (58) at 11 oclock when my husband came home, I (59) something at him when he asked me (60) I had spent a pleasant evening. AsolvedBsatisfiedCservedDsettled 7.Passage Two In July 1994, the comet(彗星) Shoemaker-Levy 9 smashed into the planet Jupiter. For the first time, humans were able to witness exactly what happens when a celestial(天空的) body collides with a planet and it quickly became clear that survival was no longer entirely a question of being the "fittest". A new factor had been introduced into evolution: the ability to survive a collision between the earth and an asteroid (小行星) or comet. To most people, the risk remains academic. With all the dangers humans face - sickness, accidents- it is understandable that people dont take seriously the risks posed by something that hasnt happened for 65 million years and may not happen for another 65 million years. However, many scientists believe that collisions between the earth and celestial bodies cannot be regarded as "just another risk". The main reason for this is that no other disaster - except perhaps a nuclear war - has the potential to destroy human civilization completely. Even the worst floods and earthquakes affect only a very small percentage of the earths surface and population. But the effects of an impact caused by a celestial body of just ten kilometers in diameter would make humans extinct, along with most of the worlds other animals and plants. The danger comes from asteroids and comets which cross the earths orbit. Asteroids pose a greater danger because they are more numerous. Those less than 100 meters in diameter are not usually regarded as a threat bemuse most are destroyed by heat as they enter the earths atmosphere and so never reach the ground. It is those asteroids with diameters of one kilometer or more which pose the greatest threat.According to the passage, asteroids which can do real harm to the earth are _. Ano less than 1 000 meters in diameterBless than 1 000 meters in diameterCno less than 100 meters in diameterDless than 100 meters in diameter 8.Passage Three Thousands of gypsies have been trying to emigrate to Canada and Britain. They say they are fleeing persecution(迫害), but most have found they are not welcome in these countries either. Gypsies have never had a home. Europe has experienced enormous upheavals this century. Wars, revolutions, separations and elections have changed the political map of the continent countless times. And with each change, power has shifted, creating new winners and new losers. But for one group - the gypsies - change has always meant losing. With each upheaval, the gypsies have been left worse off than they were before. Yet they have survived to become Europes largest minority. Moreover, they have succeeded in preserving their culture and their way of life in the face of genocide (种族灭绝), political persecution and poverty. In other cases where minorities have survived similar persecutions - like Jews during World War , or blacks in South Africa - their cause has received international support. By contrast, the gypsies success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead, it s