2022甘肃职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）.docx

2022甘肃职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.She (longed) to be envied and sought after.AhopedBwantedCwas eagerDwished 2.They joined the army (willingly).AintentionallyBconsciouslyCvoluntarilyDreluctantly 3.When he got out of the managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).ArefusedBacceptedCadoptedDdenied 4.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulated) at the post office.Abe decreasedBbe deliveredCbe piled upDbe returned 5.After the whole days march, they are too (fatigue) to walk any more.AhungryBsleepyCthirstyDtired 6.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet.AattractBdestroyCswim over toDhold fast to 7.Dont be so (innocent) as to believe everything the politicians say.AignorantBilliterateCsimpleDstupid 8.We were so greatly (attracted) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.AfascinatedBdisturbedCfooledDsurprised 9.Peter was an (energetic) and athletic youth.AalertBawkwardCactiveDskillful 10.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.AfirstBlatestColdDspecial 11.Resistance to Malaria1. "Our job", said the health officer, "is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico". You may be surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts warm enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years."2. "We have studied everything very carefully" , the officer continued. "Our advance guards have drawn maps of some forty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or by boat."3. "The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme."4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved. Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly.5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays.A. What worries usB. What we have doneC. Whats our jobD. More and more people joined us.E. It will be a hard work.F. Whats the problemParagraph 2 12.The Function of Tomatoes How do we love tomatoes Lets count the ways: we love them in pasta, on pizza, in juice, in salad and soup, sliced on sandwiches, stuffed with tuna, even dried and baked in bagels, but most of all, we love them right off vineripe, red, and delicious. While tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushel (蒲式耳), now theres even more reason to savor these delicious fruits. Evidence is mounting that people who eat tomatoes have a substantially lower risk for cancer. In a thousand-person study of eating habits and health, Harvard Medical School researchers found that those who ate tomatoes every week had the lowest chance of dying form cancer. Recently, a study of 48, 000 American men showed a 21 to 34 percent lower risk for prostate cancer(前列腺癌)among those who consumed tomatoes, tomato sauce, or pizza more than twice a week. And in study of men and women in Italy, eating seven or more serving of raw tomatoes a week was linked to a 30 to 60 percent reduction in digestive tract and prostate cancers, depending on the type of cancer. The protective qualities of the tomato are thought to come from lycopene(番茄红素) ,a potent antioxidant(抗氧化的) plant chemical that is abundant in tomatoes. Lycopene is responsible for the red color of tomatoes; the darker red the tomato is, the more lycopene it contains. Green and yellow tomatoes do not contain lycopene. Lycopoene is also found in watermelon and pink grapefruit, but tomatoes are the most abundant source. Cooking enhances the lycopene more available. Thus, tomato sauce and paste is even a better source for lycopene than fresh raw tomatoes. Lycopene is fat soluble and must be consumed with a certain amount of fat to be absorbed by the body. Tomato recipes must contain a moderate amount of oil to ensure that along with a delicious taste treat, you will also be receiving all the health benefits tomatoes have to offer.What is the main subject of the passageAExperiments are done to study tomatoes.BTomatoes are delicious food.CMany people love eating tomatoes.DEating tomatoes can lower risk for cancer. 13.United Nations A major segment of the Untied Nations is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives from all governments that have ratified the UN Charter. As of 1995,185 states had membership in the general Assembly. Additionally, the Vatican, Switzerland, and the Palestine Liberation Organization have nonvoting observer status in the General Assembly. The General Assembly approves the UNs budget, acts with the Security Council to select the Secretary-general and judges of the International Court of Justice, and passes resolutions on issues ranging from self-determination and colonialism to womens rights and the global distribution of wealth. The General Assembly can meet and vote on any subject, unless the Security Council is dealing with it (or at least pretending to). However, its decisions only carry moral forceunlike the Councils. Theyre not binding in international laws. But the Assembly votes are an important opinion poll on how and what the majority of the world thinks about issues. " Important questions" need a two-thirds vote of the Assembly to pass. The question of what is an important question isnt important. Its decided by the delegates themselvesby a simple majority. Although the General Assembly has not recognized authority to enforce its conclusions on anything other than internal UN matters, it makes its viewpoints on issues that are brought before it is known in one of the three ways. A General Assembly declaration is a broad statement of general principle such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed in 1948. Declarations are often put forward as an expression of an ideal, in practice they are regularly ignored. A General Assembly resolution is essentially a document that recommends that member states take a particular policy action. States claim sovereignty and make their own decisions as to whether they will follow a General Assembly resolution. In some cases, however, if many states implement a particular resolution, other states that may not wish to act on the resolution may feel themselves pressured to do so anyway. At the very least, a resolution has the effect of legitimizing the policies of those states that wish to comply with the resolution. Finally, a General Assembly convention, or treaty, has two meanings. The more comprehensive convention refers to multilateral treaties voted on by the General Assembly that, upon passage by the General Assembly, are carried back to the capitals of member states for ratification by whatever means each state uses domestically. In other cases, a General Assembly convention refers specifically to a treaty signed between the United Nations and the government of a nation-state, as when in 1956 Egypt agreed to allow United Nations peacekeeping forces to enter Egyptian territory.The General Assembly is responsible for dealing with the international matters.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 14.Euthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic "We mustnt delay any longer. swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer." These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: "Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. " Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vast majority of euthanasia cases , what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behind the question." Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people; "Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled (伤残的) and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt(脱离) out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable (脆弱的)." Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to the paternalistic (家长式的). Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not " But "why not " is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Vendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husbands interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.Who is against euthanasiaADr. Wifred Van Oijen.BDr. Andrew Ferguson.CCicely Saunders.DBoth B and C. 15.Premature Smoking: A Serious Problem The third report on smoking and health from the Royal College of Physicians, which was published this month, contains important new sections on the smoking habits of children and the possible effect, on their future health. These include a twenty fold in the increase in the risk of lung cancer in heavy smokers and an increase of about three and a half times in the risk of dying from coronary(冠状的) heart disease; chronic(慢性的) oronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema(肺气肿) are also much commoner. Teachers play an important part in determining the attitude of children to smoking, whether or not the children start to smoke, and in providing knowledge about the consequences of smoking. Whenever I see children of school age openly smoking in public, I wonder whether they really understand what they are doing. Probably most do not. I at least know that my clinical practice in lung disease will not be short of patients for the rest of my working life. About 34 percent of boys aged 15 smoke, and two thirds of this number of girls. Over the past ten years there has been a small but welcome reduction in the number of boys who smoke at this age, but an increase in the number of girls. One large study has shown that of those children who smoke more than one cigarette, as many as 85 percent become habitual (习惯的) smokers. This is partly because nicotine is one of the most dependentproducing drugs known, on a par with heroin and other hard drugs in this respect. One in three smokers start before the age of nine, some even as young as five. The causes of premature death which one-third of smokers will suffer, and of the prolonged illnesses which affect so many of them, are described in the report; its enough to say that the younger a child starts to smoke the greater are his chances of dying early. It has been shown that children who smoke have certain