2022年河北公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）.docx

2022年河北公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.BPassage 3/B Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S.A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bols approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bolss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America. Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public s chooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth," according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Amany blacks are prepared for leadershipBDu Bois was in favor of "elite education" for blacksCWashington and Du Bois had never been friendsDonly the top 10 percent are worth educating 2.BPassage 4/B Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital. Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph. D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers. The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employers sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job." Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent). The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel. We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.The authors proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in Athe kind of green cardBthe amount of investment capitalCthe budget for the whole processDthe certainty of issuing green cards 3. Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year U (21) /Upressure from a Congress which was U (22) /U stories of nightmare flights. So why is it that flying is getting U (23) /U for so many passengers, U (24) /U airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, U (25) /U in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly U (26) /U a flight when it is delayed or canceled The fact is that air travel has U (27) /U been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 U (28) /U 1998. It seems Mother Nature would U (29) /U people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, U (30) /U long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines U (31) /U weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va. , to U (32) /U the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA U (33) /U the new initiative has fallen U (34) /U of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem U (35) /U. Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. U (36) /U the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On U (37) /U, planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a U (38) /U. Thats good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers U (39) /U each flight, and bad news for passengers, U (40) /U irritations build rapidly in fight quarters. AreclaimBreserveCrecallDrebook 4. Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year U (21) /Upressure from a Congress which was U (22) /U stories of nightmare flights. So why is it that flying is getting U (23) /U for so many passengers, U (24) /U airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, U (25) /U in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly U (26) /U a flight when it is delayed or canceled The fact is that air travel has U (27) /U been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 U (28) /U 1998. It seems Mother Nature would U (29) /U people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, U (30) /U long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines U (31) /U weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va. , to U (32) /U the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA U (33) /U the new initiative has fallen U (34) /U of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem U (35) /U. Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. U (36) /U the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On U (37) /U, planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a U (38) /U. Thats good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers U (39) /U each flight, and bad news for passengers, U (40) /U irritations build rapidly in fight quarters. AneverBoftenCalsoDalways 5. Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year U (21) /Upressure from a Congress which was U (22) /U stories of nightmare flights. So why is it that flying is getting U (23) /U for so many passengers, U (24) /U airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, U (25) /U in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly U (26) /U a flight when it is delayed or canceled The fact is that air travel has U (27) /U been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 U (28) /U 1998. It seems Mother Nature would U (29) /U people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, U (30) /U long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines U (31) /U weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va. , to U (32) /U the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA U (33) /U the new initiative has fallen U (34) /U of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem U (35) /U. Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. U (36) /U the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On U (37) /U, planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a U (38) /U. Thats good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers U (39) /U each flight, and bad news for passengers, U (40) /U irritations build rapidly in fight quarters. AsinceBuponCoverDfrom 6. Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year U (21) /Upressure from a Congress which was U (22) /U stories of nightmare flights. So why is it that flying is getting U (23) /U for so many passengers, U (24) /U airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, U (25) /U in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly U (26) /U a flight when it is delayed or canceled The fact is that air travel has U (27) /U been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 U (28) /U 1998. It seems Mother Nature would U (29) /U people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, U (30) /U long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines U (31) /U weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va. , to U (32) /U the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA U (33) /U the new initiative has fallen U (34) /U of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem U (35) /U. Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. U (36) /U the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On U (37) /U, planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a U (38) /U. Thats good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers U (39) /U each flight, and bad news for passengers, U (40) /U irritations build rapidly in fight quarters. ApersistBpresumeCpreferDpermit 7. Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to improve customer service last year U (21) /Upressure from a Congress which was U (22) /U stories of nightmare flights. So why is it that flying is getting U (23) /U for so many passengers, U (24) /U airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service, U (25) /U in new equipment such as mobile check-in stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly U (26) /U a flight when it is delayed or canceled The fact is that air travel has U (27) /U been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 U (28) /U 1998. It seems Mother Nature would U (29) /U people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, U (30) /U long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines U (31) /U weather slowdowns-for example, FAA and airline repres