初中英语宾语从句讲解练习.ppt

什么是宾语从句什么是宾语从句宾语从句的宾语从句的语序语序宾语从句的宾语从句的时态时态宾语从句的宾语从句的连接词连接词学习目标学习目标什么是宾语I like my teacher. I enjoy playing basketball.I decide to study hard.I know him .I like these places of interest. 宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象是动作、行为的对象，是动作的，是动作的承受者承受者。宾语由宾语由名词、代词、不名词、代词、不定式（定式（to do）或动名词）或动名词(doing)、名词词组（短语）名词词组（短语）来来担任。担任。（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)（动名词词组词作宾语（动名词词组词作宾语)（不定式作宾语（不定式作宾语)（代词宾格作宾语（代词宾格作宾语)（名词词组作宾语（名词词组作宾语) 我们我们 知道知道 姚明姚明We know Yao Ming 我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员We know宾语从句就是宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语，并有一个，并有一个连接词连接词引导。引导。 一. 什么 是宾语从句？宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s谓谓v vhe is a famous basketball player主主s s 谓谓v v宾宾o othat连接词连接词谓谓v v主主s s哪些句子可以做宾语？1.陈述句 he is a famous basketball playerhe is a famous basketball player. .2. 一般疑问句 will will our teachers attend the our teachers attend the meetingmeeting ？3. 特殊疑问句 which coat which coat did youdid you prefer?prefer?一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由thatthat引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略常省略vLin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. vShe says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.vJim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.vHe said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.在主句为动词主句为动词bebe加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, sorry, sure, afraid, gladafraid, glad等）作表语时等）作表语时，后面所跟的，后面所跟的省略省略thatthat的从句的从句也可算是宾语从句(that)(that) (that)(that)(that)(that) he will be back in an hourhe will be back in an hour he missed us very muchhe missed us very much the earth moves around the sunthe earth moves around the sunv I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）v He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）v The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）练一练1.This is a book.1.This is a book.2.You like singing.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6 6. .She sings well.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）一般疑问句做宾语我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1, 改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2，用，用if/whether连接连接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to go swimIf/whetherI ask （一）宾语从句的语序（一）宾语从句的语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here? 练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework 4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform? She works in a hospital You went to Center Park We have to wear a uniformWe can wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?由由ifif或或whetherwhether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。IfIf和和whetherwhether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：例如： I want to know I want to know if (whether)if (whether) he lives he lives there.there. He asked me He asked me whether (if)whether (if) I could help I could help him.him.注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。1. whether1. whether引导的从句常可以与引导的从句常可以与or notor not直接连用。直接连用。如：如： Let me know Let me know whetherwhether you can come you can come or notor not. . 2. 2. 当宾语从句提到当宾语从句提到句首句首时，只能用时，只能用whetherwhether引导。如：引导。如： WhetherWhether it is true or not, I cant tell. it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。 I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 4. whetherwhether及其引导的成分可放于及其引导的成分可放于介词之后介词之后，作，作介词的宾语介词的宾语。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. Exercise1.Is he reading ?1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?6.Can you sing ?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: :1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks 3.The teacher asks if/whether我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带？特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语用疑问引导，改为陈述语气用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。我想知道 你最喜欢哪一条领带？ Which tie do you like best特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变成变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是连接词就是疑问词疑问词本身本身I wonder I wonder which tie you like best?8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas? Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandas Do you know where _ from?(he,come) Can you tell me which_ to the park? ( be, way) he comeshe comesis the way is the way Exercise1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me I hearhear that 1.Jim _ (be) a worker two years ago.2.Jim _ (be) an English teacher now.3.Jim _ ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .4.Jim _ ( sing )a popular song now.5.Jim _ ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .6.Jim _ ( play ) basketball when his father came back.7.Jim _ ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化1.1.当主句是当主句是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从句的，宾语从句的时态不作限制时态不作限制，我们我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是当主句是一般过去时一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用的时候，宾语从句必须运用相相应的过去的某一种时态应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到从而达到主句和从句的相互主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实客观存在的事实或者是或者是客观存客观存在的真理时在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般一般现在时态现在时态。（特殊性原则）（特殊性原则）He told me (that) summer after spring .isI was told (that)the sun much bigger than the moon. isno news good news.My parents told me (that)is Could you tell me where do they live? She knew that Danny is a student. He told me that winter was colder than autumn. Do you know who car it is? wasiswhose.Find out the mistakes and correct them宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态时态主句为主句为一般现在时一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为主句为一般过去时一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 一般现在时一般现在时SummaryDo you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily was B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled AC7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. whichA8. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.完成句子。完成句子。1. I hear (that) he _ in an hour.（ 我听说他一小时后回来。）will be back2. He said (that) he _ very much.（他说他非常想念我们。）missed us3. Ask him _.（问问他是否能来。）if /whether he can come4. Can you tell me _.（你能告诉我他在哪儿吗？）where he is宾 语 从 句 小 结一.结构1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构:主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时