定语从句考点例析2已改.ppt
定语从句复习定语从句复习 高三英语备课组u定语从句的定义定语从句的定义l在英语中，在英语中，如果修饰或限制一个名如果修饰或限制一个名词或代词的成分是一个从句，这样词或代词的成分是一个从句，这样的从句就叫的从句就叫定语从句定语从句。一般说来，一般说来，在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词所充当，所以定语从句又称形容词所充当，所以定语从句又称为为形容词性从句形容词性从句。相关概念：先行词； 关系词先行词先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）.关系词关系词:连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词，代表被修饰的先行词，在定语从句用的词，代表被修饰的先行词，在定语从句中做一个句子成分。中做一个句子成分。1.This is the first book _he has read.2.These are the trees _ were planted last year. 4.I still remember the day _I came here. 5.This is the house _ I lived last year.6.Could you tell me the reason _ you are late?thatthatwhichwhichwhosewhosewhenwhenwherewherewhywhy先行词指代先行词指代关系词关系词从句所缺成分从句所缺成分 人或物人或物物物人人人人人或物人或物时间时间地点地点原因原因主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语表语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语表语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语表语宾语宾语名词定语名词定语时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语thatwhichwhowhomwhose whenwherewhy如何选择关系词如何选择关系词1.划定划定先行词先行词，区分，区分人和物，时间，人和物，时间，地点和原因地点和原因2.分析定语从句部分分析定语从句部分缺何种成分缺何种成分 （分析主谓宾定状补）（分析主谓宾定状补）3.根据分析，选择根据分析，选择恰当关系词恰当关系词 考点一：考点一：that和和which的不同的不同1.Is there anything _ I can do for you?Notes:先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing，或受其修饰时，要用that .2.This was one of the most interesting books _were sold in this book store.Notes:当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，要用that. 3.Thats the only thing _we can do now.Notes:先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。4.They were talking about the persons and things _they saw in the factory.Notes:先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。5.Which is the car_ was made in Beijing?Notes: 当要避免与疑问词which重复时，用that.6. Football, _is an interesting game, is played all over the world.Notes:引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时，用时，用which 7.Language is the most important tool without _people cant communicate with each other.Notes:直接放在直接放在介词后做宾语时介词后做宾语时，用，用which1. I will remember the day _I left my hometown forever.2. I often think of the days _I spent in Shanghai last summer. 3. This is the place _he works.4. This is the place _we visited last month.5. I know the reason _she studies so well. 6. This is the reason _he gave to the teacher for being late this morning.whenthatwherethatwhythatl先行词虽然表时间、地点、原因，但在定语从句中不充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，而是做句子的主语或宾语，使用关系代词that/which引导。l使用关系副词必要的两个条件： 先行词表时间、地点、原因 先行词在从句中充当状语考点三：介词考点三：介词+ +关系代词关系代词1.The sun gives us heat and light, _we cant live.Notes:介词+which:先行词指物，在定语从句中充当介词宾语，介词提到关系代词前。 2.e.g.: The students _Ms Zhang is giving lessons are lovely and active.Notes:介词+whom:先行词指人，在定语从句中充当介词宾语，介词提到关系代词前。 关系代词前的介词如何确定关系代词前的介词如何确定 1.Mr. Smith bought a new house _which he spent all his money.Notes: 依据从句中动词的习惯搭配。2.1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded.lNotes: 依据先行词的习惯搭配。onin*关系代词前的介词如何确定关系代词前的介词如何确定3.e.g.: The gas _which we can not live is called oxygen.Notes: 依据所表达的意思确定。4.e.g.: There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds _whom have been to Beijing.Notes:非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分，可用“数词/代词+of+ 关系代词”的结构。withoutof注意：注意：1.Is this the book which/that you are looking for ? （ ）2. Is this the book for which you are looking ? （ ）l遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。 ( 该句中介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)TF Our class is a big family . It consists of 50 students. Most of them are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl. She is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl that we all like her. Our class is a big family which consists of 50 students, most of whom are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl, who is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl as we all like.定语从句的运用定语从句的运用Practice:1.Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of life should be considered。 【2012湖南】. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which2.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 【2012江苏】 A. which B. who C. where D. what3. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.【2012山东】 A. them B. that C. which D. whatDBC4. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. 【2012陕西】A. that B. whereC.whichD. what5. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. 【2012四川】 A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of themCCHomework:Finish the exercises.
