2015中考英语精选写作训练.ppt

中考写作训练中考写作训练基本要求基本要求对写话要求的解读：对写话要求的解读： 能根据要求写不少于能根据要求写不少于70个词的常见文体个词的常见文体的短文的短文,在文中能对人物、事件、物件和在文中能对人物、事件、物件和场所等作简单的场所等作简单的描述描述和和议论议论。内容贴切，。内容贴切，意思连贯，语言基本正确。书面表达分意思连贯，语言基本正确。书面表达分为三类：提示作文，看图作文，应用文。为三类：提示作文，看图作文，应用文。写作总体要求：写作总体要求：v1 1）合乎语法合乎语法 规范规范 避免低级错误避免低级错误v2 2）词语准确贴切）词语准确贴切 避免词不达意避免词不达意v3 3）思路清晰严谨）思路清晰严谨 避免语体混乱避免语体混乱v4 4）句子灵活多变）句子灵活多变 避免句式单一避免句式单一v5 5）承上启下自然）承上启下自然 避免不当连接避免不当连接中考写作评分标准中考写作评分标准 内容：内容：8分，所写内容紧扣提示语，切题得分。分，所写内容紧扣提示语，切题得分。 千万不能偏题、离题。千万不能偏题、离题。 语言：语言：8分，句式规范，表达准确，脉络清晰。分，句式规范，表达准确，脉络清晰。结构：结构：4分，整篇语言通顺，意义连贯，逻辑分，整篇语言通顺，意义连贯，逻辑 性强，句式多变，好词好句点睛全篇。性强，句式多变，好词好句点睛全篇。1.1.审题立意审题立意 2.2.结构安排结构安排3.3.语句组织语句组织4.4.文采润色文采润色5.5.检查修改检查修改写作的基本步骤写作的基本步骤:1) 1) 审文体审文体2)2)审要求审要求 3)3)审人称审人称4)4)审时态审时态审题立意审什么审题立意审什么? ? 审文体审文体例如：例如：1）My 15th Birthday Party My visit to the World Expo 2）How to be a better reader My attitude towards the uniform rule3）Love Around Me (2008 中考题）中考题）叙述你身边的爱，举出一两个例子，这是叙；再谈你内叙述你身边的爱，举出一两个例子，这是叙；再谈你内心的感受，这是议；最后谈谈你打算做些什么以及为心的感受，这是议；最后谈谈你打算做些什么以及为什么这样做来表达你的爱。爱是这篇文章的主题。什么这样做来表达你的爱。爱是这篇文章的主题。记叙文记叙文议论文议论文夹叙夹议夹叙夹议 Love is always around me. Every day, mum cooks meal for me, thats love. Classmates say morning” and goodbye to me when I reach or leave school, its also love. I feel that Im on top of the world when I get love from others. Love is like sunshine, it will warm you if you are in trouble. Love is like cloud, it will blow away your tears. What am I going to do to show my love? Nothing special, just give them a warm hug and try my best to study hard to reward them in the near future. (A)审要求审要求* *Use the following points as a reference : 以下要点仅供参考（近两年常用形式）1.1.简单要求：把这些问题用完整句回答再加上适简单要求：把这些问题用完整句回答再加上适当的上下连接就可成为一篇比较合格的作文当的上下连接就可成为一篇比较合格的作文2.2.想让文章出彩，就必须对它进行想让文章出彩，就必须对它进行“精雕细琢精雕细琢”。3.3.注意有无注意有无“短文须包含下列要素短文须包含下列要素”之类的要求之类的要求。审人称审人称04年作文年作文Leaving School：人称用：人称用we或或I05年作文年作文Growing pains and gains：人称：人称用用we或或I 06年作文年作文I have a dream：人称用：人称用I 07年作文年作文Things I hate to do人称用人称用I 08年作文年作文 Love around me人称用人称用I09年作文年作文 I want to do something for my school人称用人称用I10年作文年作文 I am proud of myself人称用人称用I11年作文年作文 I am a member of _.审时态审时态1）My 15th Birthday Party My Visit to the World Expo2）My Hobby My Attitude Towards the Uniform Rule 3）A plan for the weekend A design for the study trip 文章主体用过去时 主体用一般现在时主体用一般将来时注意：因行文的需要，一篇文章需要两种或以上的时态，注意时态的呼应。立意立意(2)(2)误区误区: : hate too much homework hate too much homework hate to take too many tests hate to take too many tests hate to have no time for fun hate to have no time for fun hate to be made to go to tutors hate to be made to go to tutors控诉大会,投诉信缺乏应有的健康立意， 没有高度例如例如: : The things I hate to doThe things I hate to do建议建议: : 反题正写反题正写例如例如: : hate to waste time hate to waste time hate to waste water hate to waste water hate to tell lies hate to tell lies hate to cheat in the exams hate to cheat in the exams 2. 有高度I hate doing things against rules. I hate being indifferent when others are in trouble. But, the thing I hate doing most is to be dishonest. It is really a bad habit to be dishonest. You will feel guilty after cheating others. If your lie is known, youll get punishments. You will never be trusted if you usually tell lies, and not respected as well. I hate people 【who are dishonest】. I hate being dishonest, and I hope that everyone is honest to others. 中考实录篇* *议论性命题写话主要类型议论性命题写话主要类型1 1、“我认为我认为”型引言型引言+ +优缺点优缺点+ +结论结论如如“My view on fast food”（弊多利少）（弊多利少）2. 2. “一分为二一分为二. .”型型. . 如如: “Exams” （利多弊少）（利多弊少）3 3、“二选一型二选一型” 如如: “ Is it necessary for middle school students to own mobile phones?”4 4、“怎样怎样（how tohow to）”型型 如如:“How to keep fit ?”5 5、“抒发感受抒发感受”型型 如如:“0ur Junior School Life” 注重发表个人观注重发表个人观点，可以议论为点，可以议论为主主, ,记叙为辅记叙为辅抒发个人生活感悟，抒发个人生活感悟，可以夹叙夹议为主可以夹叙夹议为主正文正文第一层意思第二层意思开头结尾结构安排结构安排例:How can we relax (如何放松自己)v须包含须包含: :1)How do you feel as you are a Grade Nine student?2)Write at least two ways we can use to relax.3)What is your favourite way to relax? And tell your reason.结构安排结构安排 词词句句段段篇篇循序渐进循序渐进全面掌握全面掌握“考纲考纲”词词汇汇熟练运用基本句型熟练运用基本句型连句成段注意衔接连句成段注意衔接谋篇润色注意文采写作的基本过程写作的基本过程many ways to relaxQ2:listening to music, having ball gamesQ3:reading Q3:enrich my knowledge, a pleasure Q1:busy and tired, need to relaxhave a good way to relax以词定基本结构( (全面掌握全面掌握“考纲考纲”词汇词汇) )结构安排结构安排 I feel busy and tired as I am a Grade Nine I feel busy and tired as I am a Grade Nine student. student. We can have many ways to relax ourselves.We can have many ways to relax ourselves.句 (连词成句，熟练运用基本句型熟练运用基本句型) )We need to relax.We need to relax. We often listen to music and have ball games in We often listen to music and have ball games in our spare time.our spare time.I likeI like reading reading best.best.It can enrich my knowledge.It can enrich my knowledge.It is a pleasure.It is a pleasure.We should have a good way to relax ourselves.We should have a good way to relax ourselves.语句组织语句组织Para 1:Para 1: I feel busy and tired as I am a Grade Nine I feel busy and tired as I am a Grade Nine studentstudent. . SoSo we need to relax.we need to relax.Para 2:Para 2: We can have many ways to relax ourselves. We can have many ways to relax ourselves. For exampleFor example, we often listen to music and , we often listen to music and have ball games in our spare time. have ball games in our spare time. ButBut I like I like reading best, because it can enrich my reading best, because it can enrich my knowledge. knowledge. AndAnd I think reading is a pleasure I think reading is a pleasure as well.as well.段 (连句成段，注意连句成段，注意 ) )Para 3:Para 3: In one word, In one word, we should have a good way we should have a good way to relax ourselves.to relax ourselves.语句组织语句组织衔接衔接1、用于开篇引出： nowadays, It is adj.to do, I think2、有关“承”的常用词语. 用来承接上文,表递进. also/too, besides, in addition, in fact, in other words, of course, more importantly, whats more3、有关“转”的常用词语. 用来表示不同或相反. however, though/although, but, yet, on the other hand 4、用于总结的词语 generally speaking, in a word, as you can see, needless to say; 常用的衔接词常用的衔接词语句组织语句组织v开头段如何写：开头是全文的引言，既要点题、表明观点，又要为中间核心段的具体论述做好铺垫。1）以新奇开篇，吸引读者的眼球2）开宗明义，直抒胸臆 起承转合：定好基调，兼顾中间开头开头1.1.开门见山式的开头开门见山式的开头 文章一开头就可以直截了当交待清楚文章的主题是文章一开头就可以直截了当交待清楚文章的主题是什么。什么。e.g. 1) “My life at school”(我的校园生活我的校园生活)： My life at school is both busy and colorful2) “How to be honest”(怎样做到诚实怎样做到诚实)： Honesty is one of the best qualitiesAn honest man is always reliable and can be trusted 4、交待写作目的的开头在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要谈论一个什么问题等。谈论一个什么问题等。e.g.“A bad habit”(一个坏习惯)： In this article, I shall draw your attention to a bad habit that we usually do in our daily life.开头5、用问句开头用问句的形式来吸引阅读者的眼球。e.g. “What is your family education like?”（你（你们家的家庭教育方式是怎样的）：们家的家庭教育方式是怎样的）： What is your family education like? Are you in favour of it or not? Id like to tell you something about my family education now.开头开头中间段的写作技巧 中间段是全文的核心所在。1）意思的完整性2）意思的统一性 3）意思的连贯性 段落首句（topic sentence）取到承上启下的作用，统领核心段。 分层论述，把握好层次间的切换，不能次序颠倒、不顾逻辑的随意乱写。 1、首尾呼应式的结尾在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。e.g.“Water” (水水)：v开头：开头：Water is one of the most important natural resources in the world.v结尾：结尾：In one word, water is so important that we should save as much water as possible in our lives.Tips:要避免同一句话在首尾的简单重复要避免同一句话在首尾的简单重复,没有变化。没有变化。结尾结尾3、自然式的结尾 随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。“My last New Years Eve dinner”(我的上一次年夜饭我的上一次年夜饭) We cheered for the New Years luck and talked with each other for a long time. It was very late when we got home, but smile on every face and happiness in every heart. 4、含蓄式的结尾 用含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自用含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考，但意义却非常之深刻。己去领会和思考，但意义却非常之深刻。e.g.“My best friend”(我最好的朋友我最好的朋友)： We can live without a brother, but we can not live without friends.结尾5、反问式的结尾 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。的强调作用，引起读者深思。e.g.“School rules”(学校规章制度学校规章制度) : Every student should observe the school rules. Dont you agree, boys and girls? 6 6、与读者共勉式的结尾、与读者共勉式的结尾 结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。e.g. “ Pollution”(污染污染)： Everybody, dont put it off. Lets take actions to fight against pollution and make our earth greener!结尾结尾7、夸张煽情式结尾夸张煽情式结尾 这样的结尾希望得到读者的共鸣或引起大家的深思，这样的结尾希望得到读者的共鸣或引起大家的深思，得到心灵上的震撼。得到心灵上的震撼。e.g. “Water”：v If we dont save water now, the last drop of the water on the earth will be our tear.结尾结尾1) 1) 查内容。检查要点是否缺漏，各要点是否有助于主查内容。检查要点是否缺漏，各要点是否有助于主题等。题等。2) 2) 查词汇。检查名词的单复数是否正确，动词选择是查词汇。检查名词的单复数是否正确，动词选择是否恰当，动词使用形式是否正确，动词短语和习惯否恰当，动词使用形式是否正确，动词短语和习惯是否正确等。是否正确等。3) 3) 查句型。查句式是否恰当，主谓是否一致，表达是查句型。查句式是否恰当，主谓是否一致，表达是否符合英否符合英 语习惯等。语习惯等。4) 4) 查文采。查文采。 谋篇润色，注意文采，再检查。谋篇润色，注意文采，再检查。 句子要有一定的变化句子要有一定的变化 学会用串联词，注意句与句，段与段之间的过渡学会用串联词，注意句与句，段与段之间的过渡5) 5) 书写端正。书写端正。 改检查修修饰语错误修饰语错误英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。了不必要的误解。v例如：例如：I very like this kind of family education. v剖析：这是典型的中国式句子，这句话的修饰词剖析：这是典型的中国式句子，这句话的修饰词应该是应该是very much而不是而不是very，且应该置于句末。，且应该置于句末。v改为：改为：I like this kind of family education very much.作文中常见错误分析作文中常见错误分析不间断句子不间断句子 什么叫不间断句子什么叫不间断句子?请看下面的例句请看下面的例句。例如：例如：There were many students attended this sports meeting. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思： “There are many students.”以及以及 “Students attended this sports meeting”。 简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：改为：Many students attended this sports meeting. 或：或：There were many students who attended this sports meeting.作文中常见错误分析作文中常见错误分析