2022广西职称英语考试真题卷（6）.docx

2022广西职称英语考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).AbusinessBfirmCworkDoccupation 2.Being colleagues for ten years, they have become (intimate) friends.AcloseBnewCkindDclosely 3.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.AchargesBconditionsCweatherDdangers 4.She couldnt (judge) distances.AarbitrateBdiscoverCfindDdetermine 5.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulated) at the post office.Abe decreasedBbe deliveredCbe piled upDbe returned 6.It is his (assumption) of a false theory that made him pay a high price.AfearBbeliefCdisappointmentDdream 7.All foreign troops must (withdraw) from the country.AretainBretireCreviseDretreat 8.He could never be (content) until he could afford to buy that beautiful car.AfullBrichCwiseDhappy 9.Color changes in chameleons (seem) to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimuli.AhaveBappearCoughtDused 10.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.AencouragedBenforcedCexpectedDentitled 11.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.AelegantlyBgenuinelyCintentionallyDthoroughly 12.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.AstatedBdeclaredCsuggestedDannounced 13.The doctors have (abandoned) the hope to rescue the old man.AleftBgiven upCturned downDrefused 14.Paris1. Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation "s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision-making, thus, powerfully attracting nearly all of the nations activities.2. Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.3. The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.4. In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.5. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.A. Industry in ParisB. CultureC. EducationD. StatusE. Population GrowthF. EconomyParagraph 2 15.The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.AassessedBcomparedCmeasuredDweighed 16.Most Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. "I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, " lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 17.Heart Attack In the United States, and especially in big cities and rural areas, tens of thousands of people with hearts that should be good to keep them alive die each year for lack of adequate first aid. In New York City, for example, a new study has shown that only one person in 100 outside of hospitals after the heart suddenly stops pumping. In contrast, in Seattle, the survival after such heart attacks is one in five. "The difference can be traced the effectiveness of the chain of survival", Dr. Joseph P. Ornato said. " Each link in the must be strong enough for many lives to be ". The chain begins with an immediate telephone for emergency help and the start within four minutes of the process needed for restarting the working, by a family member or bystander (旁观者). It continues with the prompt arrival-within eight ten minutes of a rescuer equipped with a special instrument that can shock the heart back to a normal rhythm. And it ends with the administration (给予, 实施) of advanced (先进) emergency care by nurses to maintain the hearts ability to survive until the doctors at the hospitals can take When one or more links in this chain fail or function too slowly, the of a victim surviving heart attack falls rapidly. Because of widespread weaknesses in the chain of , experts in emergency heart care estimate that 20,000 to 80,000 people needlessly of heart attack each year, a number comparable to the 55,000 killed annually in automobile . One expert says, "Sending an emergency vehicle to a heart attack victim, the special equipment is like having policemen with guns but no bullets. They may put on a good show, but they lack the weapon needed to get the job done."AmuchBenoughCmanyDtoo 18.Communication Problems After 20 years of research, my colleagues and I have discovered that all communication involves our bodies, sometimes profoundly. While we speak with words, we also speak with every fiber of our being. This "language of the heart" is integral to the health and emotional life of all of us. We found that even a pleasant chat about the weather can affect the cardiovascular (心血管性的) system , particularly blood pressure. The traditional way of taking blood pressurewith a stethoscope (听诊器)meant that the patient had to keep silent, and this silence prevented clinicians from discovering the link between communication and blood pressure. The breakthrough in our studies occurred in 1977, when we met Ed, a typical hypertensive patient who came to the University of Marylands Psychophysiology Center for treatment. We hooked up Ed to a new com puter that could continuously monitor blood pressure. We found that his pressure immediately increased every time he spoke, even if he was discussing the most neutral topic. What was more surprising was that Ed was unaware of these changes. This finding so intrigued us we began testing others. The results were the same. Blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly whenever people talked. We asked students to read aloud from a bland(乏味的)text. Their blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly every time. We tested 38 deaf-mute volunteers. When these people signed, their blood pressure also increased. This confirmed our suspicion that it was the act of communication, not just talking, that led to these changes. Most normal talk is a seesaw (一上一下的动作). The rising of blood pressure when one talks is balanced by a rapid lowering of pressure when one listens. But the rhythm is out of synclinal hypertensives. They fluently fail to listen; they are on guard, defensive. So their pressure stays up.The benefits of listening are seen in the "orienting reflex," discovered by Pavlov. When a dog hears a sound or sees movement, it will stop all activity and cock its head. Another Russian scientist, E.N. Soklor, noticed that the dogs heart rate slows. A similar response occurs in people tooand it lowers blood activities: reading out loud, staring at a blank wall and watching fish in a tank. Blood pressure washing test when the people spoke. But it was lowest when they watched the fish, rather than when they simply sat and relaxed. Whether watching fish or listening to another person, attending calmly to the world outside yourself helps lower blood pressure. When I got hypertensives to listen undefensively, their blood pressure often fell dramatically. Why do some people find talking so stressful, and listening so difficult I tested some healthy newborns. When they cried, their blood pressure often doubled. We began thinking about pressure surges in hypertensives as similar to the changes when a baby cries. Though calm on the surface while talking, their bodies are screaming to be heard. For these people, communication becomes a desperate but hidden struggle. Inside their adult bodies is a baby crying, terrified because no one can hear it. So how can we enjoy conversation yet keep blood pressure down By listening more, by breathing regularly while talking, by alternating between talking and paying attention to what the other person is saying. But what can hypertensives do Treatments that teach them to focus on their relationship and how to communicate in a relaxed way can be a start toward health. We can understand and cope with illness only when we view ourselves as part of a complex world beyond the confines of our own individual skin. The response of our hearts, blood vessels and muscles when we communicate with spouse, children, friends and colleagues is as vital to our cardiovascular health as is exercise or diet.The reason why the author and his colleagues got the breakthrough in their studies in 1977 was that_.Athey never had a typical hypertensive patient like Ed before 1977Ba typical hypertensive patient like Ed was hard to get for medical studiesCthey could continuously monitor Eds blood pressureDEd was unaware of the changes in his blood pressure 19.The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metalhungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of "microbe spills" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a " super-race" ( Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate "unfit" babies Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a " savings bank" full of spare kidney, livers or hands Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God " Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by_.Ausing metal-hungry microbes .Bmaking use of enzymes.Cadjusting the engine.Dpatenting new life forms. 20.Euthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic "We mustnt delay any longer. swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer." These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was