2022陕西在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（7）.docx

2022陕西在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (51) to how they can best adapt themselves to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (52) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (53) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (54) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (55) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be (56) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (57) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (58) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (59) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (60) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.59().A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation2.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (51) to how they can best adapt themselves to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (52) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (53) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (54) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (55) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be (56) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (57) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (58) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (59) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (60) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.60().A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security3.After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings. The structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.Anew computers had been installed in the buildingsBit occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysClarge numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayDimprovements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 4.After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings. The structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _.Acounterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingBpredict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyChelp strengthen the foundation of the buildingDmeasure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations 5.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition (学会) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills _.Ashould be avoidedBis universal among parentsCsets up dangerous states of worry in the childDwill make him lose interest in learning new things 6.Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. Medical authorities express their (31) about the effect of smoking on the health not only (32) those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who must involuntarily inhale the air polluted by the tobacco smoke may (33) more than the smokers themselves. As you are doubtless aware, a considerable number of our students have (34) an effort to (35) the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are entirely right in their aim. (36) , I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by (37) on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern for others rather than (38) regulation. Smoking is prohibited by city laws in theaters and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories (39) there may be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I am therefore asking you to maintain "No Smoking" in the auditoriums and classrooms. This will prove that you have to keep nonsmokers health and well-being (40) , which is very important to a large number of our students.AconcernBtroubleCinterestDdispleasure 7.A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager _.Aa persons property or debts do not matter muchBa persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationCwomen should always dress fashionablyDwomen should not only be attractive but also high-minded 8.Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的)distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.Areview the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupBanalyse the causes of errors made by football refereesCset a standard for football refereeingDreexamine the rules for football refereeing 9.Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. Medical authorities express their (31) about the effect of smoking on the health not only (32) those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who must involuntarily inhale the air polluted by the tobacco smoke may (33) more than the smokers themselves. As you are doubtless aware, a considerable number of our students have (34) an effort to (35) the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are entirely right in their aim. (36) , I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by (37) on the smokers to use good ju