2022湖南公共英语考试真题卷（6）.docx

2022湖南公共英语考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.How do the professional timekeepers of the world determine, to the precise nanosecond, when a new year begins They simply consult an atomic clock. At the end of last month, just in time to ring in the new year, the Hewlett-Packard company, of Palo Alto, California, unveiled the latest of these meticulous time- pieces. For nearly 30 years, the firm has been supplying military and scientific clients with atomic clocks; the most advanced models neither gain nor lose more than a second every 800,000 years. But the newest version, a $54,000 device the size of desktop computer, is accurate to one second in 1.6 million years far longer than all of human history to date. It is natural to wonder who could possibly need such precision. The answer: practically everyone, at least indirectly. Telephone and computer networks rely on atomic clocks to synchronize the flow of trillions of bits of information around the nation and the world, thus avoiding mammoth electronic logjams. Television and radio stations use the clocks to time their broadcasts. Satellite- based navigation systems depend on the devices to measure the arrival time of radio signals to within a tiny fraction of a second, allowing users to gauge their location to within a few feet. The armed forces use atomic clocks to help steer smart missiles and time secret calls to nuclear submarines around the world. And scientists depend on atomic clocks to help track the almost imperceptible motions of continents across the surface of the earth and galaxies and stars across the sky. Even the people who dropped the ball in New York Citys Times Square to signal the start of 1992 relied on a timekeeping source that was pegged ultimately to an atomic clock. The principle that lies behind all this precision comes out of quantum physics. When an atom is bombarded with electromagnetic radiation in this case, microwaves its electrons shift into a new energy state. Each type of atom responds most readily to a particular frequency of radiation. That means that when a microwave beam inside the clock is set exactly to that frequency, the maximum number of atoms will undergo the energy shift. This signals the clocks internal computer that the device is correctly tuned. And in fact, it is the vibrating microwaves that keep time; the atoms are used just to keep them on track. Theoretically, an atomic clock could keep perfect time, but the actual performance depends on engineering details exactly how the microwaves hit the cesium atoms, how sophisticated the electronics are and so on. It was by improving factors like these that Hewlett-Packard boosted its clocks performance from incredibly good to even better. The next generation of clocks should do better still, but no one is sure when that generation will come along. For now, a second every million and a half years will have to do.Hewlett-Packard enhanced its clocks performance byA. improving the computer programs inside clocks.B. improving engineering setup supported b7 quantum physics.C. adding more types of cesium atoms.D. tuning the frequenc7 of microwaves radiation.2.The GOOD HEALTH SYMPOSIUMHow much would it cost to go to the symposium with a friend and both have lunch, if you are both studentsA. 9. B. 7. C. 8.D. 6.3.Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia from reading the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One set of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit. One group of experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicators reading scores, minimum competency test results, the Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are up, some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic courses more mathematics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes. But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements, without either improving the quality of instruction or, even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the tests, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which childrens progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition, these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school reform will cause more of the youngsters at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nations pool of educated people. The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the different yardsticks used by different observers. Compared with what schools used to be like "in the good old days", with lots of drill and uniform requirements and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled jobs by those yardsticks the schools have measurably improved in recent years. But by the yardsticks of those experts who believe that the old schools was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modern world, todays schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made the schools worse.People who think that schools are not doing any better base their judgment on theA. non-substantial margins of scores.B. toughened requirements of state legislation.C. ability of students to think Iogicall7.D. nature of the tests.4.A parent with a child carrying a musical instrument or a drawing board walking along a Beijing subway platform or street is a familiar sight on weekends. They are on the way to training schools. Education of their child has become the number one responsibility of parents who were sent to rural areas for "re-education" during the 1966 76 "Cultural Revolution". They lost the chance for college education and now hope their children can receive a better education than they did. As a result, these people now in their forties expose their little children to early training so that they can enter a prestigious school. The parents imagine a road to success: from excellent primary and middle schools to an elite university and then to a good job. On average, they may spend about 100 yuan a month on their childs education. And what results have these parents obtained The majority of them feel that the large investment has failed to lead to rapid progress in their childrens study. "We seem to be throwing our money away," said one parent. However, many parents still take for granted that spending more on their childs schooling will result in high scores. These parents have also introduced a "contract system", which offers rewards for good school grades. More than 80% of parents in families in Chengdu have signed contracts with their children, according to the Consumers Times. The paper notes that the heavy pressure put on children to perform well at school has resulted in a decline in childrens health. The parents investment in their children also includes hiring tutors. A survey of 250 students in Xuzhou found that 10% of their parents hired tutors. The pay for one tutorial hour is three yuan. Liberation Daily commented that these parents have too high expectations of their children. According to the article, "they are trying to help the young plants grow by pulling them upwards". They ignore their childrens psychology and may damage the real talents the children possess.In the Xuzhou survey, how many children have extra private lessonsA. 250.B. 25.C. 10. D. 3. 5.The art of tattooing is an old custom practiced around the world. "Tattoo", a word coming from polynesian "tatu", was a symbol of high social status in the Marquesas islands. Among New Zealand Maori warriors it distinguished one man from another. Tattoos also identified the marital status of Eskimo women. Tattoos were supposed to give magical properties to Burmese males and to some South American tribes. English aristocrats were tattooed with their family coats of arms, and the names and emblems of their private clubs. Rich men in America also had tattoos of their emblems: reproductions of paper money! Today tattoos are popular among criminals, merchant seamen, and members of armies, navies and air forces. But more tattoo clients are women who get a tattoo to make themselves look more beautiful. Getting a tattoo is quick and easy. Lyle Tuttle is a well-known tattoo artist who owns three tattoo studios in California. Tuttle has tattooed many rock musicians and Hollywood stars including Peter Fonda and the late Janis Joplin. The average tattoo costs between twenty five and fifty dollars, depending on how big it is, how many colors it has, and where you want it tattooed. After a customer chooses his or her tattoo design, the tattoo artist washes the area to be tattooed with surgical soap. Then he draws the design with a ball point pen, inserts a needle in the desired colored ink, turns on the electricity, and starts to work. The machine makes a buzzing sound as it punctures the skin to a depth of between one-thirty-second and one-sixteenth of an inch 21,600 times a minute. After the tattoo artist outlines the design, he shades it using different color inks. Within a day, a crust will form over the tattoo; this crust falls off five to seven days later. Once applied, the tattoo becomes permanent, and mistakes cannot be corrected. The design can only be covered up with an equally dark or darker tattoo. "The only way to get rid of a tattoo," says Lyle Tuttle, "is to cut it off.Something that is meant to last forever is said to beA. magical. B. marital. C. permanent. D. beautiful. 6.How do the professional timekeepers of the world determine, to the precise nanosecond, when a new year begins They simply consult an atomic clock. At the end of last month, just in time to ring in the new year, the Hewlett-Packard company, of Palo Alto, California, unveiled the latest of these meticulous time- pieces. For nearly 30 years, the firm has been supplying military and scientific clients with atomic clocks; the most advanced models neither gain nor lose more than a second every 800,000 years. But the newest version, a $54,000 device the size of desktop computer, is accurate to one second in 1.6 million years far longer than all of human history to date. It is natural to wonder who could possibly need such precision. The answer: practically everyone, at least indirectly. Telephone and computer networks rely on atomic clocks to synchronize the flow of trillions of bits of information around the nation and the world, thus avoiding mammoth electronic logjams. Television and radio stations use the clocks to time their broadcasts. Satellite- based navigation systems depend on the devices to measure the arrival time of radio signals to within a tiny fraction of a second, allowing users to gauge their location to within a few feet. The armed forces use atomic clocks to help steer smart missiles and time secret calls to nuclear submarines around the world. And scientists depend on atomic clocks to help track the almost imperceptible motions of continents across the surface of the earth and galaxies and stars across the sky. Even the people who dropped the ball in New York Citys Times Square to signal the start of 1992 relied on a timekeeping source that was pegged ultimately to an atomic clock. The principle that lies behind all this precision comes out of quantum physics. When an atom is bombarded with electromagnetic radiation in this case, microwaves its electrons shift into a new energy state. Each type of atom responds most readily to a particular frequency of radiation. That means that when a microwave beam inside the clock is set exactly to that frequency, the maximum number of atoms will undergo the energy shift. This signals the clocks internal computer that the device is correctly tuned. And in fact, it is the vibrating microwaves that keep time; the atoms are used just to keep them on track. Theoretically, an atomic clock could keep perfect time, but the actual performance depends on engineering details exactly how the microwaves hit the cesium atoms, how sophisticated the electronics are and so on. It was by improving factors like these that Hewlett-Packard boosted its clocks performance from incredibly good to even better. The next generation of clocks should do better still, but no one is sure when that generation will come along. For now, a second every million and a half years will have to do.What would be the best title for the textA. The Hewlett-Packard Compan7 And The Atomic Clock.B. How The Atomic Clock Is Made.C. Modern Life And The Atomic Clock.D. Electromagnetic Radiation And The Atomic Clock.7.Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia from reading the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One set of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit. One group of experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicators reading scores, minimum competency test results, the Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are up, some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic courses more mathematics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes. But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements, without either improving the quality of instruction or, even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the tests, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which childrens progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In additio