2022福建职称英语考试真题卷.docx

2022福建职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.第2篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. " You feel sad:"l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do " Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. "How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting Well,dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers wam that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result In normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non - obese people.Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 t0 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without "hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to pusb the weight back to the range it seeks.In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to_.Astay in prisonBeat as much as they couldCbattle their genetic inheritanceDlower their weight 2.Waste Not, Want NotI Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have alwayslooked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 The business was an immediate success, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Associations inspectors found the Darlingtons shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable.3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment(恭维) if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves. "5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.23. Paragraph 2 _.24. Paragraph 3 _.25. Paragraph 4 _.26. Paragraph 5 _.A. Professional recognition is obtainedB. Ensuring that nothing gets wastedC. A necessary alternative to farmingD. Time well spent is rewardedE. Continuing investment is necessary alternative to farming in high stand9rdsF. Professional skills are exploited27. Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to _28. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple29. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away , the couple30. Clara spent much of the summer going to London toA. sell fresh vegetablesB. turn them into soupC. sell as much as possibleD. promote her soupsE. fill a gap in the marketF. offer a variety of prepared meals 3.I Know Just How You FeelDo you feel sad Happy Angry You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart.Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwins small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someones face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you cant say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it whould have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this. 4.第1篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮) and a holder for arrows.Who was this man How and when had he died Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century , perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I , since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Bom in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has give us important clues to the history of those distant times.The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _.AsoldiersBhuntersCrobbersDshooters 5.Racial PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejucide is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries _(51) the white man imposes his rude by brute (粗暴) force; there are countries where the black man protests by _(52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging(抢夺). Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in_(53) of violence as if it were a legitimate (合法的) solution, _(54) any other. What is really frightening, what really _(55) you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch(关键时刻), we have made no actual _(56) at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our insticts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded _(57) of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that_(58) never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering _(59) nothing. No solution ever comes to _(60) the moming after when we dismally(阴郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who _(61) where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted _(62) their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as low enforcement. If half the energy that goes into _(63) acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at_(64) up the slums and ghettos (贫民窟), at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to _(65) at a solution.AfillsBputsCforcesDsets 6.第2篇The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this:"No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. " You feel sad:"l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do " Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. "How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting Well,dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers wam that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result In normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non - obese people.Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 t0 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without "hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be f