2022重庆公共英语考试真题卷（3）.docx

2022重庆公共英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Questions 14 to 16 are based on a talk on pruritus, so called "severe itching"why and how body parts itch. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an itching-suppressing agent A Antihistamines. B Aspirin. C Cologne. D Ultraviolet light therapy. 2. Questions 11 to 13 are based on a news report about a tornado which hit parts of Mexico. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.What was the correspondents comment on the local governments rescue work A Prompt. B Confident. C Ineffective. D Casual. 3."It doesnt matter what ethical assumptions you use," says Michael Grubb, an expert on climate change policy, cold financial arguments are enough to decide what to do about global warming.What does the last sentence in paragraph 4 mean A Weitzmans report caused unexpected problem to investment choices. B Weitzmans report does not concur with industrial think tanks. C Weitzmans report doesnt support conventional analysis in the United States. D Weitzmans report has successfully convinced many economists.As arguments over the science behind climate change have cooled, the question of how much nations should be willing to pay has come to dominate the debate. Now Martin Weitzman has developed the first thorough method for including unlikely but extreme events in cost-benefit analyses. When you take into account extreme temperature rises of more than around 6, he says, they dominate all other options and effectively demand that investment aimed at stopping them be made now.Economists say that such events are theoretically possible but are so unlikely and lie so far in the future that it is not cost-effective to spend money to prevent them. Computer models also suggest that using more renewable energy and reducing emissions in other ways would almost certainly avoid extreme temperature increases. But Weitzmans results are so dramatic that some economists, many of whom argued in favour of caution, are shifting their position.Environmental groups argue that the risk of extreme events justifies large investment now, but other groups, notably industry-orientated think tanks and many Republican politicians, have resisted such calls. "In the United States, cost-benefit analyses have been used to back up questions about whether investment is worth much mow," says Grubb. "This throws a pretty fundamental spanner in the works."The new method also backs up the conclusions of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, albeit via different methods. Stems cost-benefit analysis, which was published in October 2006, did not consider extreme events. Even so, he found that the benefits of investing now would be enormous: The world could save $2.5 trillion a year if the rise in CO2 was halted at levels around 50 percent greater than today. But when Stern put a price on the damages that rising temperatures could cause, he valued future costs in todays money. Many economists, including Weitzman, criticized that assumption, arguing that it ignores the fact that inv4.Letter-writing goes back thousands of years but heated up during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Historically(perhaps now)letters were indicators of status and breeding. Like conversation, they were used to manipulate, embellish, entertain, threaten, seduce and of course do business. On the way home from discovering America, Christopher Columbus got caught in a storm and his mind turnedas a good bourgeois parentto his two sons. Who would pay their school fees if he came to a watery end He picked up a quill and documented his accomplishments on the voyage for his Spanish patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, rolled up the letter in a wooden Madeira cask and threw it into the sea. This was not so much for posterity but rather what University of York professor William H. Sherman has called "a fathers desperate petition for the future support of his children." The 18th century was strong on the epistolary book, which made authors quarrels especially amusing. Tobias Smollett wrote Travels Through France & Italy (my favourite letter contains his description of French women: "As their faces are concealed under a false complexion, so their heads are covered with a vast load of false hair, frizzled at the forehead, so as exactly to resemble the woolly heads of the Guinea negroes"). His approach to anything foreign was considered so full of spleen by author Laurence Sterne that he was moved to write A Sentimental Journey. This satirical novel gives Smollett the name Smelfungusa cantankerous man addicted to exaggeration, who talks of being "flayd alive" by cannibals: "Ill tell it, cried Smelfungus, to the world. You had better tell it, said I, to your physician." Samuel Johnson, in referring to his own letters, claims ". his soul lies naked" but he had doubts about the truthfulness of others, writing that there was "no transaction which offers stronger temptations to fallacy and sophistication than epistolary intercourse." How-to books abounded. Letters, apart from business ones, were seen as a feminine task, and templates addressed feminine problems. The New Academy of Complements, for example, published in 1671, titled the letter to be written by abandoned women "A Crackt Virgin to Her Deceitful Friend." Hand-wringing is the motif. "Now you appear so foul, that nothing can be more monstrous; is this the fruit of your Promises and Vows . how comes it then to pass, that you forsake me, ruine my Reputation, and leave me to become the Map of Shame and Ignominy ." I long to use the Map of Shame bit but I suspect it was as unhelpful then as boiling bunnies is now.Samuel Johnson A truthfully recorded his life in his letters. B was exceptionally true to himself. C suggested that letters were more susceptible to fallacy. D suggested that letter-writing was more tempting than any other forms of writing.A Vanderbilt University study says children taught cursive writing learn and express themselves better. If so, I have a few suggestions for our educators; How about letters "On Reprimanding a Person of Difference Without Incurring Hate Charges", or "An Ailing Citizen to His Callous Minister of Health." The possibilities are, sadly, limitless.5. Questions 17 to 20 are based on a dialogue between two colleagues in the office one night. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.What will the woman be doing tomorrow morning A Teaching her students. B Writing the article about her trip. C Studying for an exam. D Travelling to the Amazon. 6.No people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child rearing, but what do fathers do Much of what they contribute is simply being the second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others deficiencies and build on each others strength. As we all know, fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn form their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, such as how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy. Current research gives much deeper- and more surprising insight into the fathers role in child rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their childrens birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize game more than caretaking. The fathers style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills, ff frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the childs level. They seem willing to let the child directly play. Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy. In one study of -year-old who were given a choice, more than two-thins chose to play with their fathers. The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is of particular importance in promoting self-control. Ac- cording to one expert, "children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable. "They learn when to "shut it down". At play and in other realms, fathers tend to lay stress on competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence. Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. One the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing ever higher, while mothers ale cautious, worrying about an accident. We know, too, that fathers involvement seems to linked to enhanced verbal and problem- solving skills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent: reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters verbal ability. For sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies founds relationship between paternal nurturing and boys verbal intelligence.Which of the following statements is trueA. Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers.B. Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring.C. Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers.D. Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence.7."It doesnt matter what ethical assumptions you use," says Michael Grubb, an expert on climate change policy, cold financial arguments are enough to decide what to do about global warming.Which statement is right in comparing Weitzman and Stems report A Stem and Weitzman used different methods but reached similar conclusion. B Stem valued the damages caused by rising temperature but Weitzman didnt. C Both Stern and Weitzman valued the money that should be invested now. D Both Stem and Weitzman valued future generations in their analysis.As arguments over the science behind climate change have cooled, the question of how much nations should be willing to pay has come to dominate the debate. Now Martin Weitzman has developed the first thorough method for including unlikely but extreme events in cost-benefit analyses. When you take into account extreme temperature rises of more than around 6, he says, they dominate all other options and effectively demand that investment aimed at stopping them be made now.Economists say that such events are theoretically possible but are so unlikely and lie so far in the future that it is not cost-effective to spend money to prevent them. Computer models also suggest that using more renewable energy and reducing emissions in other ways would almost certainly avoid extreme temperature increases. But Weitzmans results are so dramatic that some economists, many of whom argued in favour of caution, are shifting their position.Environmental groups argue that the risk of extreme events justifies large investment now, but other groups, notably industry-orientated think tanks and many Republican politicians, have resisted such calls. "In the United States, cost-benefit analyses have been used to back up questions about whether investment is worth much mow," says Grubb. "This throws a pretty fundamental spanner in the works."The new method also backs up the conclusions of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, albeit via different methods. Stems cost-benefit analysis, which was published in October 2006, did not consider extreme events. Even so, he found that the benefits of investing now would be enormous: The world could save $2.5 trillion a year if the rise in CO2 was halted at levels around 50 percent greater than today. But when Stern put a price on the damages that rising temperatures could cause, he valued future costs in todays money. Many economists, including Weitzman, criticized that assumption, arguing that it ignores the fact that inv8.Letter-writing goes back thousands of years but heated up during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Historically(perhaps now)letters were indicators of status and breeding. Like conversation, they were used to manipulate, embellish, entertain, threaten, seduce and of course do business. On the way home from discovering America, Christopher Columbus got caught in a storm and his mind turnedas a good bourgeois parentto his two sons. Who would pay their school fees if he came to a watery end He picked up a quill and documented his accomplishments on the voyage for his Spanish patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, rolled up the letter in a wooden Madeira cask and threw it into the sea. This was not so much for posterity but rather what University of York professor William H. Sherman has called "a fathers desperate petition for the future support of his children." The 18th century was strong on the epistolary book, which made authors quarrels especially amusing. Tobias Smollett wrote Travels Through France & Italy (my favourite letter contains his description of French women: "As their faces are concealed under a false complexion, so their heads are covered with a vast load of false hair, frizzled at the forehead, so as exactly to resemble the woolly heads of the Guinea negroes"). His approach to anything foreign was considered so full of spleen by author Laurence Sterne that he was moved to write A Sentimental Journey. This satirical novel gives Smollett the name Smelfungusa cantankerous man addicted to exaggeration, who talks of being "flayd alive" by cannibals: "Ill tell it, cried Smelfungus, to the world. You had better tell it, said I, to your physician." Samuel Johnson, in referring to his own letters, claims ". his soul lies naked" but he had doubts about the truthfulness of others, writing that there was "no transaction which offers stronger temptations to fallacy and sophistication than epistolary intercourse." How-to books abounded. Letters, apart from business ones, were seen as a feminine task, and templates addressed feminine problems. The New Academy of Complements, for example, published in 1671, titled the letter to be written by abandoned women "A Crackt