2021陕西职称英语考试真题卷（3）.docx

2021陕西职称英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Less Is More 2.Less Is More 3.Less Is More 4.Less Is More 5.Less Is More 6.Less Is More 7.Less Is More 8.Less Is More 9.Less Is More 10. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项：如果该句提供的是错误信息，清选择B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 BRescue Platform/B In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from buming skysrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories. The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metrevelis dedsign, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller. Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of buming buildings, Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length. So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways. AA. RightBB.WrongCC. Not mentioned 11. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)14题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第58题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的横线上。 Icy Microbes In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice. A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Dorans team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life. Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques may one day be used on Mars. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria. The searchers will retum in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.Paragraph 2 _. 12. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。 B第一篇/B BLosing Weight/B Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday. Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender ages of 10, nearly 32 per cent of girls felt "too fat" and 31 per cent said they were trying to diet. McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues analyzed dam collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesdays issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Nearly 80 per cent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 per cent were considered overweight using standard weight-to height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure. Nearly 30 per cent of the girls reported they Were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting. Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 per cent of survey Participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder. "Were not talking about kids whove been prescribed a diet because theyre above average weight or overweight. Were talking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight," McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions. overweight adj. 超重的，过重的 induce vt.引起，导致 prescribe vt.处方;开药;嘱咐The study showed that most of the girls _. Awere overweightBwere on a dietChad unhealthy attitudes about weightDhad a healthy body weight 13.B第二篇/B BWill Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software /B If US software companies dont pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. AIready, of the worlds 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. Thats largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Demings and Jurans ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is. Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It tell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%. Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Lets hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has AIndia.BThe US.CBrazil.DGermany. 14.B第三篇/BBComputers in Cars/B Youre far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (雾) makes it difficult to see far beyond your cars windshield (挡风玻璃). "Can this be route 90A " you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet theres no hint of one. Night is closing in, and youre low on gasoline. This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help. A car computer that navigates Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contain series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US. Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the cars position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow. A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes. Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more effic!ently. Microprocessors (微处理机的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights. Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions, the driver would call it up on the computer display screen. When needed, the computer could be "asked" to provide navigation aid or information about the cars condition.By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road, the author intend to _. Amake us believe how complex the highway computer network isBlet us know how in-car computers are linked to road signsCShow us how helpful a navigation computer would beDtell us that NAVSTAR has come into use 15.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项。Save Energy at Home On the average, Americans waste as much energy as two-thirds of the worlds population consumes. Thats (1) the result of driving inefficient cars, using inefficient appliances, and living and working in poorly insulated buildings. Then what can you do to improve the (2) Buy energy-efficient products. Buy new appliances or electronics of the highest energy-efficiency rating. New energy-efficient models may cost more initially, but have a lower operating (3) over their lifetimes. The most energy-efficient models (4) the Energy Star label, which identifies products that use 20 40 percent less energy than standard new products. According to the EPA, the typical American household can save about $ 400 per year in (5) bills with products that carry the Energy Star. Switch to compact fluorescent bulbs. Change the three bulbs you use (6) in your house to compact fluorescents. Each compact fluorescent bulb will keep half a ton of carbon dioxide out of the air over its lifetime. (7) , compact fluorescent bulbs last ten times as long and can save $ 30 per year in electricity costs. Set heating and cooling temperatures correctly. Check thermostats in your home to make sure they are (8) at a level that doesnt waste energy. Get an electronic thermostat that will allow your furnace to heat the house to a lower temperature when youre sleeping and return it to a more (9) temperature before you wake up. Turn off the lights. (10) lights and other electrical appliances such as televisions and radios when youre not using them. lnstall automatic timers for lights that people in your house frequently forget to turn them off when (11) a room. Choose renewable energy. Many consumers can now choose their energy supplier. If you have a choice, choose an electric utility that uses renewable power (12) , such as solar, water or wind. Let the sun shine In. The cheapest and most energy-efficient light and heat source is often right outside your windows. On (13) days, open blinds to let the sun light your home for free. Also remember that (14) entering a room equals passive solar heating. Even on cold winter days, sun streaming into a room can raise the temperature by several (15) dioxide n.二氧化物 insulate adj. 隔热 thermostat n. 温度自动调节器 rating n.等级级别 timer n. 定时器 fluorescent adj.荧光的 blind n.百叶窗 1. A. unlikely B. largely C. tremendously D. vastly 2. A. tool B. factor C. fact D. situation 3. A. prize B. label C. cost D. position 4. A. carry B. bring C. change D. return 5. A. phone B. water C. food D. energy 6. A. less B. most C. rarely D. seldom 7. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. So 8. A. corrected B. changed C. set D. repaired 9. A. comfortable B. common C. convenient D. dramatic 10. A. Tum over B. Turn on C. Turn off D. Turn out 11. A. decorating B. using C. repairing D. leaving 12. A. station B. resources C. supply D. shortage 13. A. bright B. cloudy C. hot D. dark 14. A. air B. rain C. wind D. sunlight 15. A. layers B. levels C. degrees D. points 16. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项：如果该句提供的是错误信息，清选择B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 BRescue Platform/B In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from buming skysrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform woul