2022海南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（2）.docx

2022海南公共英语考试考前冲刺卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsides by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies dumped their products in the United States at less than fair value. Even when no unfair practices are all alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient ground to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate Web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports-and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad-the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The United States company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the Canadian companies included a subsidary of a Chicago firm that was the second largest domestic producer of rock salt.It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is()AA foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign governmentBA foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United StatesCA foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair valueDThe company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States2.Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not (21) known; there is no good evidence that screening is much helpful, and treatment (22) in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be (23) . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, research (24) the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment.(25) , however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today’s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for (26) . premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved (27) , but prevention.This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can (28) tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by (29) on the type of education that already appears to have a (30) effect on cigarette assumption by whitecollar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar (31) per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, (32) , the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become (33) only recently. In China, lung cancer (34) accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century (35) the rise in smoking to increase the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990’s or early in the next century, (36) prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the (37) .There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now (38) ; Secondly, it is generally incurable; Thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, (39) tobacco consumption will also have a substantial (40) on many other diseases.22().AfailsBsucceedsCresultsDrises3.M: How did you do on the examW: I passed, but I didn’t do so well. The essay question was the worst part for me. How about youM: I did all right on everything except the essay question, too. I wasn’t really prepared to write about the tribes in the rainforests of Brazil. We studied the rainforests for only a few days. I didn’t think it would be on the test.W: Me either. I thought for sure that he would ask us something about the Incas in Peru or maybe the mountain peoples in Chile. I studied most of the material on these groups and didn’t spend much time on the people of the rainforest. Do you know how much theexam counts towards our final gradeM: I think it’s 30 percent.W: Thirty percent! Oh no, I’m in deep trouble this time! That means I’ll have to get A’s on everything else to get a decent grade.M: That may not be too hard. We’ve already gone through most of the readings that the class is supposed to cover. After next week it will just be review. But then there is the final paper, of course.W: Yes. I was hoping to do well on this test so I could relax when writing my paper, but now it looks like I’ll have to spend more time preparing to write that paper.M: Well, I will too. Hey, I’m kind of hungry. I think I’ll go to get some lunch. Do you feel like joining meW: I’d love to, but I have to go home and study. I’ll call you later.What is the woman upset about ()AHer paper due the next week.BHer most recent exam grade.CThe material on the exam.DNot being able to get lunc4.The study of reading skills is as old as written language. It is believed that it was approximately 3000 to 4000 BC when the first systematic efforts were made to teach people to read and to write. Egyptian scribes were taught these skills in formal schools, but we have no knowledge of the techniques that were used by them.The modern emphasis on the scientific study of reading dates from approximately 1887 when a French scientist named Javal discovered that the visual process in reading is not the technique people had originally assumed to be. It seems to most persons that as you read along a line of print your eye moves along smoothly recognizing words and phrases, one after the other, as it moves. Javal carefully observed the eyes of persons reading and discovered two quite important things. First, the eyes, rather than moving were stopped most of the time. Second, rather than moving slowly and smoothly along a line, they moved in extremely quick jumps from one point of fixation to the next. Javal was so struck by these jumps that he called eye movements saccadic after the French word to jump. His findings were a surprise to many persons.If you are interested in trying out Javal’s experiment, watch a friend very carefully as he reads, paying particular attention to the movements of his eyes. If you want to get a clearer picture of these rapid eye movements, you might try a technique invented by Professor W. R. Miles. It is known as the Miles Peep-Hole Technique and consists of the very simple process of cutting a small hole in the center of a page of print and observing the reader through the hole. This puts your point of observation approximately where the reader is looking, and you get a very clear picture of the saccadic eye movements.The discovery of saccadic eye movements by Javal stimulated many other people to try to study in more detail the nature of the mechanical process of reading. One of the earliest techniques was an effort to record eye movements on paper by connecting a little pneumatic tube through a long series of pulleys and wires to a pen which would write on moving paper and jiggle back and forth as the eyes moved. This turued out to be a reasonable good way of finding out how many eye movements a person was making but it was quite uncomfortable for the person being tested. Another rather disturbing technique was the process of putting a spot of white material on the comer of the eye. The material was then photographed with a movie camera as the person read.During the period from 1900 to about 1920 a new technique in studying eye movements in reading came into use with the development of eye movement cameras. Another complicated set of the eye through a series and onto a spool of moving film. Early cameras of this type were extremely expensive and difficult to construct. One of the first was used at the University of Chicago, another at the University of Minnesota, and after a few years more of them were built in other institutions throughout the country.Since 1920, many modem scientists have studied the problem of accurate recordings of eye movements in reading. As a result, there are several more modem techniques in use today. Modem equipment includes highly sophisticated cameras with high-speed film, cameras in helmets which fit on the head of the reader and show a picture of what he sees as well as the location of his eye movements, and other complex film devices. One very expensive but useful price of recording equipment is an electronic device which measures the location of visual fixation by measuring the voltage across the eyeball and feeds the electronic information into a computer which plots the exact location of the center of vision. All of these mechanical, photographic, and electronic devices have given us a great deal of useful information about the reading process.Modem emphasis on scientific study of reading dates from approximately ().A1639B1863C1887D17235.M: How did you do on the examW: I passed, but I didn’t do so well. The essay question was the worst part for me. How about youM: I did all right on everything except the essay question, too. I wasn’t really prepared to write about the tribes in the rainforests of Brazil. We studied the rainforests for only a few days. I didn’t think it would be on the test.W: Me either. I thought for sure that he would ask us something about the Incas in Peru or maybe the mountain peoples in Chile. I studied most of the material on these groups and didn’t spend much time on the people of the rainforest. Do you know how much theexam counts towards our final gradeM: I think it’s 30 percent.W: Thirty percent! Oh no, I’m in deep trouble this time! That means I’ll have to get A’s on everything else to get a decent grade.M: That may not be too hard. We’ve already gone through most of the readings that the class is supposed to cover. After next week it will just be review. But then there is the final paper, of course.W: Yes. I was hoping to do well on this test so I could relax when writing my paper, but now it looks like I’ll have to spend more time preparing to write that paper.M: Well, I will too. Hey, I’m kind of hungry. I think I’ll go to get some lunch. Do you feel like joining meW: I’d love to, but I have to go home and study. I’ll call you later.Where is the man going after they finish talking ()ATo take a nap.BTo study.CTo play football.DTo eat lunc6.The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把固定) legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibility If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.The word "tunnel-visioned" (Line 2, ParA4) most probably means "()."A. narrow-mindedB. blind to the factsC. short-sightedD. able to see onl