2021美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)考试考前冲刺卷（4）.docx

2021美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)考试考前冲刺卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.When teaching the parents of a toddler with a congenital heart defect, the nurse should explain all medical treatments and should emphasize which instruction about their childAReduce the caloric intake to decrease cardiac demand.BRelax discipline and limit setting to prevent crying.CAvoid contact with small children to reduce overstimulation.DTry to maintain the usual lifestyle to promote normal development. 2.The nurse is developing a discharge plan for a client who had cataract removal. Which of the following should be included in the discharge planAWear cataract glasses that correct vision by magnifying objects.BWear corrective glasses or contact lenses.CWear glasses only until the eye heals.DRelearn to judge distances accurately. 3.A client with stress incontinence asks the nurse what kind of diet she should follow at home. Which of the following diet regime would most likely be recommended by the nurseAAvoid alcohol and caffeine.BDecrease fluid intake.CIncrease intake of fruit juice.DAvoid milk products. 4.Mrs. S with preterm labor will be under Terbutaline (Brethine) therapy. Before beginning the therapy, which of the following assessments would be most importantAEstimated fetal size.BMaternal heart rate.CContraction intensity.DDeep tendon reflexes. 5.A neonate receives an Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 5-minute Apgar score is more predictive for which of the followingAResidual neurologic damage.BResidual respiratory depression.CCongenital heart defects.DGestational age of the neonate. 6.The nurse is providing care for a client with multiple myeloma, a disorder characterized by episodes of remissions and exacerbations. Which of the following resources can best help the client adapt to the diseaseAThe client's family.BSupport group.CPastoral care.DHospice care. 7.A client with heart failure asks the nurse about the reason for taking enalapril maleate. The nurse would explain that the medication is prescribed for which of the following reasonALower the blood pressure by increasing peripheral vasoconstriction.BLower the heart rate by slowing the conduetion system.CBlock the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin .DIncrease myocardial contractility, thereby improving cardiac output. 8.The nurse inspects a client's back and notices small hemorrhagic spots. The nurse documents that the client hasAextravasation.Bosteomalacia.Cpetechiae.Duremia. 9.The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old during a wellness checkup. Which of the following is a normal developmental task for an infant this ageASitting without support.BSaying two words.CFeeding himself with a spoon.DPlaying patty-cake. 10.A client with schizophrenia hears a voice telling him he is evil and must die. The nurse understands that the client is experiencingAa delusion.Bflight of ideas.Cideas of reference.Da hallucination. 11.Assessment of a client in active labor reveals meconium-stained amniotic fluid and fetal heart sounds in the upper right quadrant. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this situationABreech position.BLate decelerations.CEntrance into the second stage of labor.DMultiple gestation. 12.A client in a psychiatric clinic unit tells the nurse, "I don't think I can face going home tomorrow. " The nurse replies, "Do you want to talk more about it" The nurse is using which of the following techniquesAPresenting reality.BMaking observations.CRestating.DExploring. 13.The nurse would teach the client to implement which of the following nasal care measures after the nasal packing is removedAIrrigate the nares with normal saline solution daily.BRemove old blood from inside the nares with cotton-tipped applicators.CAvoid cleaning the nares for at least 2 days.DFor comfort lubricate the membranes with a water-soluble lubricant. 14.Which of the following would the nurse do for a 4-year-old girl who has just had a lumbar punctureAAdminister narcotic analgesic for insertion site pain.BEncourage the parents to hold the child.CEnsure the child lies flat for at least 8 hours.DPlace a sandbag over the puncture site for 3 hours. 15.A mother of an ill child tells the nurse that her child "isn't eating well. " Which of the following strategies devised by the mother to help increase the child's intake is not appropriateAAsking the child to say why he is not eating.BTelling the child he must eat or else he will not get better.CAllowing the child to choose his meals from an acceptable list of foods.DLetting the child to substitute items on his tray for other nutritious foods. 16.Following a cystoscopy that confirmed a diagnosis of bladder cancer, a client is scheduled for chemotherapy and a ileal conduit urinary diversion. The nurse should include which of the following points in the client's preoperative teachingAThe client's need to perform stoma self-care immediately after surgery.BThe client's need to remain on bed rest for 3 days following surgery.CThe procedure creates a stoma and he must wear a pouch afterward.DThe client will be able to control urine passage through the stoma. 17.The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. The mother asks what to do when her infant becomes very blue and has trouble breathing after crying. The nurse should tell the mother,A"Leave the infant alone until the crying stops. "B"Put the infant in the knee-chest position. "C"Offer the infant a bottle of formula. "D"Take the infant for a ride in the car. " 18.The nurse is administering magnesium sulfate to a client with preeclampsia. The nurse explains to the client that this drug is given for which of the following reasonATo prevent seizures.BTo reduce blood pressure.CTo slow the process of labor.DTo increase diuresis. 19.The nurse is interviewing a client who is currently under the influence of a controlled substance and shows signs of becoming agitated. What should the nurse doAUse confrontation.BExpress disgust with the client's behavior.CBe aware of hospital security.DCommunicate a scolding attitude to intimidate the client. 20.A client has had a total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Which one of the following is the most appropriate expected outcomes about nutritionAThe client will learn to self-administer enteral feedings every 4 hours.BThe client will maintain adequate nutrition through oral or parenteral feedings.CThe client will regain any weight lost within 4 weeks of the surgical procedure.DThe client will eat three full meals a day without experiencing gastric complications. 21.Lily, a 23-month-old, pulled a pan of hot water off the stove and spilled it onto her chest and arms. Her mother was right there when it happened. Which of the following is the most appropriate that the mother should have done immediatelyACall the neighbor to come over and help her.BPlace the child in the bathtub of cool water.CApply antibiotic ointment to the burned areas.DApply ice directly to the burned areas. 22.At what gestational age would a primigravida expect to feel "quickening"A12 weeks.B16 to 18 weeks.C20 to 22 weeks.DBy the end of the 26th week. 23.The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing sinus bradycardia with a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute. His blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg and he complains of dizziness. Which medication would be used to treat his bradycardiaAAtropine.BDobutamine (Dobutrex).CBretylium (Bretylol).DLidocaine (Xylocaine). 24.Theophylline ethylenediamide is administered to a client with COPD. The nurse knows that the medication is for which of the following purposeATo reduce bronchial secretions.BTo relax bronchial smooth muscle.CTo strengthen myocardial contractions.DTo decrease alveolar elasticity. 25.After cancer chemotherapy, a client develops nausea and vomiting. For this client, the nurse should give the highest priority to which action in the plan of careAServe small portions of bland food.BEncourage rhythmic breathing exercise.CAdminister metoclopramide (Reglan) and dexamethasone (Decadron) as prescribed.DWithhold fluids for the first 4 to 6 hours after chemotherapy administration. 26.A client is being admitted to the labor unit. Because she's well advanced in labor, the nurse must prioritize the admission questions. Which information is most important to obtain when birth is imminentADuration of previous labor.BFrequency of contractions.CPresence of bloody show.DExpected due date. 27.Which of the following activities should the nurse discourage the client with a peptic ulcerAChewing gum.BSmoking cigarettes.CEating chocolate.DTaking acetaminophen (Tylenol). 28.The mother of a 9-month-old asks about adding new foods to his diet. The child is being breast-fed and takes formula and cereal when at the sitter's. Which of the following would the nurse instruct the mother to doAMix new foods with formula or breast milk.BMix new foods with more familiar foods.COffer new foods one at a time.DOffer new foods after giving formula or breast milk. 29.Most antipsychotic medications exert which of the following effects on the central nervous system (CNS)AStimulate the CNS by blocking postsynaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin receptors.BSedate the CNS by stimulating serotonin at the synaptic cleft.CDepress the CNS by blocking the postsynaptic transmission of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.DDepress the CNS by stimulating the release of acetylcholine. 30.A 28-year-old client delivered a full-term male neonate one hour ago. Which finding should the nurse expect when palpating the client's fundusASoft, at the level of the umbilicus.BFirm, 2 cm below the umbilicus.CFirm, at the level of the umbilicus.DBoggy, midway between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis. 31.A woman seeking help at a community mental health center complains of fatigue, sensitivity to criticism, decreased libido, and feeling self-conscious. She also has aches and pains. Which of the following might be a nursing diagnosis for this clientADelayed growth and development.BIneffective role performance.CPosttrauma syndrome.DChronic low self-esteem. 32.A client being evaluated in the emergency department complains of chest pain that radiates to his neck, shoulders, back, and arms, which decreases when he sits up and leans forward. Based on this assessment, the nurse suspects that he hasAdeveloped another myocardial infarction (MI).Bendocarditis.Cpericarditis.Dmyocarditis. 33.The client is taking lithium (Lithobid). Which instruct should the nurse give to the clientADrink at least six to eight glasses of water per day and to avoid caffeine.BLimit the use of salt in his diet.CDiscontinue medicine when feeling better.DIncrease the amount of sodium in his diet. 34.The nurse is irrigating a client's colostomy when the client complains of abdominal cramping after receiving about 100 mL of the irrigating solution. What should the nurse do firstAStop the flow of solution temporarily.BReposition the client on to her right side.CRemove the irrigation tube.DMassage the abdomen gently. 35.An adolescent girl who is receiving chemotherapy for leukemia is admitted for pneumonia. The adolescent's platelet count is 50,000 L. Which of the following would be inappropriate to include in the plan of careAA sign over the bed that reads "NO NEEDLE STICKS AND NOTHING PER RECTUM".BTwo peripheral IV intermittent infusion devices, one for blood draws and one for infusions.CAdministration of oxygen at a rate of 4 L/min using a nonhumidified nasal cannula.DUse of a tympanic membrane sensor to measure the client's temperature at the bedside. 36.The nurse is caring for a client with acute osteomyelitis in the right tibia. Which of the following measures is most appropriate when repositioning the client's legAHold the leg by the ankle when repositioning to avoid touching the tibia.BSupport the leg above and below the affected area when positioning.CHave the client move the leg by himself to decrease pain.DApply warm moist compresses to the leg before repositioning. 37.Which of the following findings in a client's history would be most likely to predispose her to renal calculiAThe client takes large doses of vitamin .BThe client drinks one to two glasses of fluid daily.CThe client had a urinary tract infection within the last 6 months.DThe client eats a diet that meets the daily requirements for calcium. 38.Which of the following is an early symptom of glaucomaAHazy vision.BLoss of central vision.CBlurred or "sooty" vision.DImpaired peripheral vision. 39.A client who has stress incontinence has been given a pamphlet that describes Kegel exercises. Which of the following statements indicates that the client has understood the instructions in the pamphletA"It will probably take a year before the exercises are effective. "B"I should perform these exercises every evening. "C"I can do these exercises sitting up, lying down, or standing. "D"I need to tighten my abdominal muscles to do these exercises correctly. " 40.When caring for a client with ulcerative colitis, the nurse should include which of the following nursing interventions in the plan of careAEncouraging the use of stool softeners.BSuggesting sitz baths as needed.CArrange for the client to have a private bathroom.DWearing a gown to provide direct care. 41.The nurse is providing care for a pregnant client. The client asks the nurse how she can best deal with her fatigue. The nurse should instruct her toAtake sleeping pills for a restful night's sleep.Btry to get more rest by going to bed earlier.Ctake her prenatal vitamins.Dtell her not to worry because the fatigue will go away soon. 42.A breast-feeding neonate will turn his head toward the mother's breast in a natural instinct to find food. What is the name of this reflexATonic neck reflex.BMor