2022青海职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）.docx

2022青海职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Explore Jordan Wadi Rum is the name given to a valley cut into the sandstone and hard rock in southwest Jordan. _（46）The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic word meaning high or elevated, The area around Wadi Rum is now also one of Jordan’s most important tourist destinations, and attracts an increasing number of foreign tourists, particularly trekkers（越野者），but also for camel safaris（旅行）or simply day-trippers from Aqaba or Petra. In contrast, there are almost no local or Arab tourists, through Disi attracts young people from Amman at the weekends. Popular activities in the desert environment include camping under the stars, riding Arab horses, and rock-climbing amongst the massive rock formations .Jebal Rum （Jebal means mountain） is 1,574 metres above sea level. _（47）. But Jordan is not simply a desert environmentit also contains the area which is the lowest point to the face of the Earththe incredible Dead Sea, popular with tourists for swimming. _（48）Once the waters reach the Dead Sea they are landlocked and have nowhere to go, so they evaporate ,leaving behind a dense ,rich cocktail（混合的）of salts and minerals that supply industry, agriculture and medicine with some of its finest products. Once again, tourists benefit and can participate in water spa treatments and water therapies. The Dead Sea is located in the Syro-African Rift, a 4,000-mile fault line in the Earth’s crust. The lowest point of dry land on Earth is the shoreline of the Dead Sea at 1,300 feet below sea level .Because the lake is at the lowest point, this means that water does not drain from it. _（49）Figures for the Dead Sea’s salinity（盐度）today range from 25% to 35%. But the greatest tourist attraction is the incredible city of Petra. _（50）It is a vast, unique city, carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2,000 years ago, turning it into an important junction for the silk, spice and other trade routes that linked China India and southern Arabia with Egypt, Syria, Greece and Rome. Today, visitors can marvel at the architecture and explore life as it was thousands of years ago.49（）A.It is the second highest peak in Jordan, rising directly above the Rum valley opposite Jebal Urn Ishrin.B.This vast stretch of water receives a number of incoming rivers, including the River Jordan.C.The area has been used as a background setting in a number of films.D.It is the largest wadi (riverbed) in Jordan.E.Every day seven million tons of water evaporate from the lake, but the minerals remain, causing the salt content to increase.F.It is without doubt Jordan’s most valuable treasure.2.Interview with Allan Gray 1）I was working for a multinational company in the early 1980s, and my brother asked me if I was interested in going into partnership with him to set up a language school. I’d always wanted to work for myself, and I was a bit fed up with working for someone else, so I said yes. Primarily, I wanted the freedom to make my own decisions, I wanted room to be creative, and also I wanted to be able to get the credit and keep the profits if we were successful. I was also happy to carry the can and take the blame if things went wrong. These thing are not possible if you work as an employee in a large organization. 2）I had to borrow money to help start the business, but we were lucky because we also had some outside capital to put into the business. These days it can be really hard to persuade banks to lend money to people who want to start a company, so we were fortunate. It was fairly easy to set up the business, because we had a very clear idea of what we wanted to do. The problem was, all our preconceptions（预想）about what it would be like to run a business were wrong. We made lots of mistakes, and we almost went bankrupt（破产的）at the beginning. At one point, we only had two students in the school. 3）Far too long! We lost money for the first four years and, as I was saying, we nearly went out of business. It took quite a long time to start making profit. The best thing we did, though, was that we hired some really good people to work for us. In fact, some of those people are still working for us, 24 years later. Now we’re doing well, but it was very risky at first. 4）One is financial constraint（约束）. It can be very tough. Think all small businesses have cashflow problemsit often takes a long time to get paid by your customers. The second big problem is marketing. It takes a lot of funds to market your business, and you have to get your name known and build a reputation. But the biggest challenge is managing the people. All businesses are about people, and you have to learn how to deal with all kinds of peopleand I think we’ve been extremely good at getting the best of our staff.Paragraph 4（）A.Strategies in expanding a small businessB.Right people to run a businessC.Time-consuming experience of being successfulD.Challenges of running a businessE.Difficulties in starting the businessF.Reasons for working for oneself3.Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart Does it increase blood pressure Does it help you concentrate However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffeeAThey buy more land from other farmers.BThey cut down trees.CThey move to another country.DThey turn grassland into farmland. 4.Spoilt for Choice Some research which was recently carried out in Britain has confirmed what many ordinary shoppers have suspected for quite a long time. Having a _（51）selection of goods to choose from is not necessarily a _（52）to consumers. The average supermarket in Britain has around 40,000 different products on sale at any one time and if youre _（53）of buying a car, then there are actually around 1,600 different _（54）on the market. In one sense, choice is a good thing because it _（55）use to buy those products which best suit our needs. But choice can also _（56）something of a problem. With over 400brands of shampoo on the market, how does the consumer _（57）hold of the information necessary to choose between them For some people the solution is to buy only well-known brands, whilst others are happy to be _（58）by advertising. There is evidence, _（59）, that for some people the _（60）of choice available to them in Britains consumer society is actually a _（61）of anxiety and stress. One man interviewed by the researchers admitted that he had _（62）out to buy his girlfriend a mobile phone for her birthday, but was so _（63）by the number of different types on offer in the shop that he _（64）up and decided to buy her a bundle（束）of flowers _（65）!AstylesBpatternsClabelsDmodels 5.Across the Desert The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day its very hot, and at night its sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara. In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert4,300 miles (6,920 km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test. On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At 11 am they stopped and rested until 5 pm. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. Thats a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water. The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140/60) during the day, and the heat made them sick. their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldnt see. One time they got lost. But they didnt quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.The three men realized that their trip was finished when they_Asaw the Red Sea.Bfound a hotel.Cate up all the food.Ddrank all the water. 6.The Value of tears Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when youre not crying, your eyes produce tears. These create a film over the eyes surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection. Tears relieve stress, but we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. "People worry about showing their emotions. Theyre afraid that once they lose control, theyll never get it back." explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. "As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions." Almost any emotiongood or bad, happy or sadcan cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely. When some people become very stressed, however, they cant cry. They may be feeling shock, anger, fear, or grief, but they repress（抑制）the emotion. "Everyone has the need to cry," says psychotherapist（精神治疗师）Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercises. They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion. Diamond says its best to cry in safe, private places, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Thats because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry. In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. Its good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion. "But once you are safely behind closed doors,dont just cry," Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. "And," she adds, "once our tears have released the stress, you can begin to think of logical ways to deal problem." Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.What are you expected to do in a tense business discussionAHold back your tears.BCry in private.CRelease your stress with tears.DFind out the problems. 7.Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart Does it increase blood pressure Does it help you concentrate However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_.AinsectsBairCbridsDhumans 8.Interview with Allan Gray 1）I was working for a multinational company in the early 1980s, and my brother asked me if I was interested in going into partnership with him to set up a language school. I’d always wanted to work for myself, and I was a bit fed up with working for someone else, so I said yes. Primarily, I wanted the freedom to make my own decisions, I wanted room to be creative, and also I wanted to be able to get the credit and keep the pr