高考英语短文改错破题技巧.ppt

高考英语短文改错破题技巧 冯克中高考要求和题型分析 高考短文改错题着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确运用英语进行表达的能力。涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑判断、综合辨析的能力，在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握情况和语言综合运用能力。高考短文改错题，是命题者将中学生常犯的各种典型错误更集中、更系统地整理出来，放入一篇内容较为浅显、题材较为轻松的文章中设计而成的，它主要考查考生判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力以及在语篇中综合、准确地运用英语的能力。学情分析 短文改错考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错误设置类型多，对学生的能力要求很高，综合历年高考及我校历次考试情况来看，学生在该题的得分率较低。分析原因：一方面是重视程度不够，考生在这一题型上没有用足时间；另一方面是语法知识薄弱，这一题型对语法的考查较多，不系统掌握语法知识是很难拿高分的。由于学生的基础比较差，所以在教学过程中，要把课堂交给学生，让学生自己学习，自己总结，发扬自己的优势，关键是发现自己的不足。同时，让学生在合作探究中能够互相弥补，取长补短，达到高效学习的最佳效果。学习目标及重难点 目标：1.学生能够理解短文改错的出题意图及找出一些规律性的考点。 2.学生能够自我摸索，相互学习一些做短文改错的基本方法和技巧。 教学重点: 学生能掌握一些做改错题的技巧和方法， 难点: 怎样帮助学生熟练运用这些技巧和方法，提高他们纠错的能力和改错题的得分率。学习方法 学生始终带着任务去学习。采用自学、小组讨论再结合练习以及必要的解释，充分体现学生自学，教师引导，合作探究。 Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.2014年四川省高考英语试卷（短文改错）2014年四川省高考试卷（短文改错）参考答案错误类型错误类型统计统计年度年度介介词词动动词词形词形词或副或副词词代代词词名名词词连连词词冠冠词词总计总计20142014四川2211121101.With-about2.添for1.go-goes2.trying-trycalmly-calmUs-youclassmate-classmates1.去掉when2.and-ora-the测试点测试点 高考短文改错满分为15分，分数不多但是每一分都很关键。很多同学在做此题时会遇到以下几点困惑： 第一、拿过题来不知如何下手； 第二、特别是在读不懂文章的时候，或丢掉不做或草草了事，得分率很低。 因此从有效掌握解题思路和熟悉出题规律，以及破解题目关键两大处入手，此类题目就会迎刃而解，为你高考的成功之路再添一股强有劲的动力。动词形，动词形，名词数名词数还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词代词格格，细领悟细领悟介词短语须关注介词短语须关注习惯用法习惯用法要记住要记住冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾 A Limerick命题特点1. 词数在100字左右；2. 以书信、日记、记叙文为主；3. 短文为常见话题或学生身边事；4. 语言简单易懂，难度符合中学生水平；5. 以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主;6. 出题涉及面广，但动词（包括非谓语动词）、名词、连词、形容词或副词、介词和冠词的考查较多；7. 标点符号、语序、单词拼写一般不作要求；一、解题思路（三步解题法）： 一、快速浏览全文，把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。 二、细读文章的每一句话。一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来做题。 三、代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文，看其是否通顺。 注意：在修改过程当中，一定要相信自己的第一感觉。即一般来说，第一次填写的答案正确率比较高，没有十足地把握不易轻易改正！二、出题规律以及破解关键 高考短文改错一般会在以下八个方面进行出题。掌握出题规律之后做题便会事半功倍！ 1.动词： （1）主要考察能力：时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。 （2）出题形式： 时态混用 ie,Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 讲解：很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式，因此应把can改为could。 主谓不一致 ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. 讲解：原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。 固定搭配 ie, I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell. 讲解：give up doing sth。因此动词smoke应该改为somking。 非谓语动词的错用： 不定式符号to的有无问题；动名词作主语、宾语问题;and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致问题; 现在分词和过去分词的区别等。 Ie, Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. 讲解：play football 作主语，应为动名词playing football。 高考链接高考链接：1.When the air move, we have wind.2.But not all information are good to society3. For the most part，students working to earn money for their own use.4. He lied down by the side of the path to rest. 5. I was used to watch it every night.6. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. movesisworklaywatchingseen2.名词： （1）主要考察：单复数混用。 （2）出题形式： 单复数混用 ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. 讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。 注意：代词单复数混用类似。 ie, As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us. 讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”高考链接高考链接2：1.We write to each other all the times.2.They have difficulties in studying maths.3.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, English and physics. timedifficultysubjects3.形容词/副词（1）主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。（2）出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.讲解：很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”讲解：原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时，她开始兴奋地叫道-，显然应把excited改为excitedly，用来修饰动词cheer。高考链接：高考链接：1. Ill try to be more carefully next time. careful2.As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 4.介词（1）主要考察能力：（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。（2）出题形式：介词省略ie, Im sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.讲解：get rid of 是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”介词多余ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.讲解：这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”讲解：pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思；pick up捡起的意思。高考链接高考链接4：The man is sitting next his son. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.I have written the letter with ink. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. We practise for three times every week. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. toinofin5.连词 （1）主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系。 常考三种关系： but转折 and并列 because原因 ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 讲解：显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”，所以应该把but改为because/as/for。 ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 讲解：前后句之间是并列关系，因该把but改为and6.句式（从句） （1）主要考察能力：常考that与what或which/how与what/that与which等之间的转换。 （2）出题形式： ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 讲解：原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情”，很明显应该把that改为what。 注意：这一形式是改错常考点。 ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 讲解：原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子，这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语，所以应该把which改为what。7. 冠词 （1）主要考察能力：句中冠词是否多余 （2）出题形式： 冠词多余 ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 讲解：区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”，即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面，因此原文中应该把the去掉。 冠词遗漏 ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解：at an - age固定搭配词组，表示“出于-年龄”，比如说at an early/tender age，可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候” 高考链接高考链接5：1.What a good news weve heard.2.Im sorry, and I wont be able to come tonight .3.We must do everything like the teacher says.4.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.5.Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. 6.We may be one family and live under a same roof 7.When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. butasanthea8.代词 （1）主要考察能力：代词是否多余，代词的指代以及与反身代词之间的混用。 （2）出题形式： 代词多余 ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解：lose heart：become discouraged泄气；丧失勇气；而lose ones heart（to sb/st）：fall in love爱上；钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差，离题千里。 代词混用 ie, We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中，彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难，其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。 注意：the other表示两者之中“另一个”；the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。如图所示： 代词遗漏 ie, A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his，表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。 高考链接高考链接6：1.I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term.2.This is the factory which we visit it.3.Dont take away the book. It is my.4.These boys like sports, but he dont like studying.5.I, who is a teacher, teach you.6.A:Who is knocking at the door? B:It is i.7.I devote me to studyingusminetheyammemyselfAt Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights was shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.真题再现At Christmas Eve, Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting_on_chose_tall_it动词形动词形介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟room. Kate was covered it with a lot ofChristmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmastree lights was shinning brightly. Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily._lights_beautiful_andwere动词形动词形还要注意形和副还要注意形和副动词形动词形名词数名词数冠词连词须关注冠词连词须关注were动词形动词形 1.以保持原意不变为原则. 2.以改变实词形式为原则. 3.以单词形式变化最小为原则. 4.以添加或删除虚词为原则. 5.以多“改正”少“添删”为原则实战练习 Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. I was very upset. I didnt cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me? （四川13年）参考答案Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. Theteacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. I was very upset. I didnt cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me? （四川13年）difficulthardaskedthinkingtestordidboththeHomewokMy grandfather and I enjoy fishing. One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water. Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently. I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer. Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught . Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish. Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. It was delicious. (陕西13年）参考答案1. （第二段）第一句gowent。2. 第二句oursour。3. 第三句so去掉。 4. 第四句BeforeAfter。 5. 第四句impatientlyimpatient。6. 第五句中andbut。7. 第六句werewas。8. 第六句中and fish-a。 9. 第七句minuteminutes。 10. 第八句FeltFeeling。 Thank you for your attention