中考英语被动语态复习2.ppt

Welcome复习要点复习要点Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，。被动语态的构成时 间一 般进 行完 成现 在 am/is/are asked 被问 am/is/are being asked 正在被问 have/has been asked 已经被问过过 去 was/were asked（过去）被问 was/were being asked（过去）正被问 had been asked（过去）已被问过将 来 shall/will be asked 将要被问1被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的变化构成。2被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。3.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。过去将来 should/would be asked（过去）将要被问被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词常见的被动结构v1SVO句型的被动结构SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)(+by短语)。Hewrotethebooktwoyearsago.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimtwoyearsago.v.2SVoO句型的被动结构SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+O/o(保留宾语)(+by短语)。Myauntgavemeanapple.*Iwasgivenanapple.Anapplewasgiventome.一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）v3SVOC句型的被动结构SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+C(主语补足语)(+by短语)。PeopleusuallycallmeJimforshort.IamusuallycalledJimforshort在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带tov4短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+介词/副词(+by短语)。在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for,off,of）不能遗漏。Wehavesentforadoctor.Adoctorhasbeensentforv5带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构是：S+V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式)(+by短语)Youmustdoitatonce.Itmustbedoneatonce.各种时态的被动结构练习1、TheChinesefood_tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John_,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Rooms_.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去时态：was/were+过去分词4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he_on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool_whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe_tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework_.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes_easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词a) 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.c)突出动作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态。Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.e)为了保持主语的一贯性。Theoldprofessorwheeledhimselfintotheclassroomandwaswarmlyapplaudedbythestudents.何时用被动语态4）有些短语不用被动语态doonesbest,makeaface,makeroom(腾位子），makeuponesmind,belongto不用被动语态的情况（考点）1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen,breakout,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.(）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fitIhaveanewbike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；Thestoryissoundedtrue.(）1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词well,easily时。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好。)Thedoorwillnotopen.(这扇门就是打不开。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(这衣服较好洗。)Thesignreadsasfollows.(这牌子告示如下。)特殊情况（考试重点）3）need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.4)注意动名词的被动形式，（beingdone)Nobodylikesbeinglaughedof.没人喜欢被嘲笑。