高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句公开课件.ppt

定语从句定语从句 The attributive clauses高考英语语法专题复习高考英语语法专题复习之之- 知识回顾知识回顾 考点精讲考点精讲 跟踪练习跟踪练习 真题链接真题链接定语从句定语从句 The attributive clauses The baby is reading. The baby is_listening to music. The baby has _ big eyes. The baby is_ carried by a famous star.Which babyWhich baby do you like ? do you like ?I like the baby.The baby is reading.I like the baby who/that is reading .Which babyWhich baby do you like ? do you like ?I like the baby.The baby is listening to music.I like the baby who/that is listening to music .Which babyWhich baby do you like ? do you like ?I like the baby.The babys eyes are big.I like the baby whose eyes are big.Which babyWhich baby do you like ? do you like ?I like the baby.A famous star is carrying the baby.I like the baby who/whom/that/- a famous star is carrying .The attributive clausesI like the baby who/that is reading .I like the baby who/that is listening to music .I like the baby whose eyes are big.I like the baby who/whom/that/- a famousstar is carrying .定语从句定语从句: 在复合句中在复合句中, 修饰某一修饰某一 或或 的从句叫定语从句的从句叫定语从句. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做代词叫做 “ ”. 引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“ ” 名词名词代词代词先行词先行词关系词关系词基础知识基础知识 I like the baby who/that is reading .先行词关系词定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句基础知识基础知识 The accident happened at theThe accident happened at the time when I left. time when I left.His mother, whom he loved deeply, His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.died ten years ago. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定定语语从从句句对先行词起限定作用对先行词起限定作用,与先与先行词关系十分密切。行词关系十分密切。不用逗号隔开不用逗号隔开,也不能省略也不能省略,否则句意就不完整。否则句意就不完整。非非限限制制性性定定从从限限制制性性定定从从只是对先行词做补充说明只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词与先行词的关系也比较松散。的关系也比较松散。常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略,原原句意义仍然完整。句意义仍然完整。引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, thatwhich, that, aswhose, of which/whomwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词注：关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略注：关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。.定语从句考点精讲定语从句考点精讲1.that与与which2.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法3.介词介词+关系词关系词4.关系词关系词as的用法的用法5.定从与其他复合句的区分定从与其他复合句的区分6.综合考查综合考查考点考点难难点点.考点一、考点一、that or which?1.This is all_ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2.Is there anything else_ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itA B BChoose the correct answers: 4.This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 5. The scientist and his achievements _you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 6 .Which of the books _ were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whoseACB 先行词是先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时等不定代词时; 先行词被先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时等词修饰时; 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时; 先行词被先行词被the only, the very(正是正是,恰是恰是), the last 修饰时修饰时 ; 当先行词既有人又有物当先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用定语从句用that 引导引导 (that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物)若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who, which时，为了避免重复时，为了避免重复, 关系代词不再用关系代词不再用who,which.- 结论结论1: 先行词有下列情况时先行词有下列情况时,通常通常用关系代词用关系代词 that： 1. I have lost my watch, _I like very much. 2. Taiwan is part of China, _ is known to all of us. 3.Can you lend me the book about _ you talked last night?whichwhichwhichChoosing : that or which?结论结论 2. 引导非限定性定语从句时，用关系代引导非限定性定语从句时，用关系代词词which, 不用不用that, 且不省略。且不省略。介词介词+关系词引导定语从句关系词引导定语从句, 先行词是物时，只先行词是物时，只用用which，不用，不用that. 1.(2010 全国全国，16）I refuse to accept the blame for something_ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what高考真题链接高考真题链接 2.(2011 北京，北京，26）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others , _, of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that高考真题链接高考真题链接Tips: 注意插入语注意插入语.考点二、考点二、关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 关系副词关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句引导定语从句时，时， when在从句中充当时间状语在从句中充当时间状语, where在从句中充当地点状语，在从句中充当地点状语， why在从句中充当原因状语，在从句中充当原因状语， 介词介词which Do you still remember the day _we joined the Party?= on whichwhenThis is the factory _ my father works?This is the factory _we visited last week?That is the reason _you are always late.That is the reason _he gave us. which/that/-which/that/-where/ in whichwhy/for whichBlank-filling :先行词为先行词为时间、地点、时间、地点、原因的名词原因的名词时时关系词在关系词在定从中作定从中作状语时状语时关系词在关系词在定从中作定从中作主语或者主语或者宾语时宾语时=要点一：要点一：1 .A.Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower. a. which b. that c. where d. there2 .A.We still remembered the days _we travelled together. B.We still remembered the days _we spent together. a. when b. which c. in that d. thereacabPRACTICE MAKES PERFECT1. Ive come to the point _ I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation _a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 要点二、某些特殊词之后的要点二、某些特殊词之后的where解析：某些抽象地点名词如：解析：某些抽象地点名词如：point, stage, situation, case, condition, activity, celebration等做先行词时，等做先行词时，定语从句常用定语从句常用where 引导，表示抽象化的地点。引导，表示抽象化的地点。wherewhere 1.(2010福建，福建，24）Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose高考真题链接高考真题链接 2. (2011天津，天津，10）The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which高考真题链接高考真题链接 3. (2011山东，山东，32）The old town has narrow streets and small houses_ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that高考真题链接高考真题链接 4. (2009浙江，浙江，14）I have reached a point in my life _I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why高考真题链接高考真题链接.考点三、考点三、介词介词 +关系词关系词This is the machine on _ she spent 1000 dollars. Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.whichwhom 要点要点1： 紧跟介词的关紧跟介词的关系词，引导定语从句时系词，引导定语从句时, 指事物用指事物用which, 指人用指人用whom。用适当的关系词填空：用适当的关系词填空：1.Do you know who lives in the building_there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whoseC. in front of which D. in front of that2. Ill never forget the day _ I first met you.A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which3.The woman _my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D whomCABChoose the correct answers: 1 1）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配；配； - What were the things _ which he was not so sure? 2 2）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；搭配； - The speed _ which you drive your car mustnt be too high. 3 3）、可以通过句子的整体含义）、可以通过句子的整体含义, ,结合生活实际来判断。结合生活实际来判断。 - China has many rivers, _ which the Yangtze River is the longest. 要点要点2 2：介词：介词关系代词引导的定语从关系代词引导的定语从句中句中, , 介词如何选择介词如何选择aboutatof/among1. Jeanne was her old friend, _ she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom2. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that3. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whomBCDPRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 1.(2010上海，上海，38）Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may turn in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which高考真题链接高考真题链接 2.(2009全国，全国，28）She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. that高考真题链接高考真题链接.考点四、考点四、关系词关系词 as 的用法的用法关系代词关系代词as既可以引导限制性定从，也可既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况：1.先行词有先行词有so, such, the same修饰时，后修饰时，后面的定语从句常用面的定语从句常用as 引导，引导，as 在从句在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语。中可充当主语，宾语，表语。 There is no such place _ you dream of in this world. 世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。I have the same trouble _ you have. 我和你有同样的麻烦。我和你有同样的麻烦。asas2. 在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，as常常 用于固用于固定搭配。定搭配。 As is known to all/ As we all know 众所周知众所周知 As has been said/mentioned before 如前所述如前所述 As often happens/ As is often the case 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样在此用法中在此用法中, as所引导的定所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、语从句可放在主句的句首、 句中、句末。句中、句末。1._was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment_Greek letters. A. as , are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky, _ he drank immediately . A. that B. as C. which D. whoDACChoose the correct answers:要点要点: 引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时，as 跟跟which的区别：的区别：asas“正如正如正像正像”句首，句首，句中，句中，句末句末若关系词指若关系词指代前面整句代前面整句话，且位于话，且位于主句之后，主句之后，二者有时候二者有时候可以互换可以互换. .whichwhich“这这”“这件事这件事”句中，句中，句末句末1.It was raining, _was a pity. A. what B. that C. the which D. which2._has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As3.We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like4.The earth is round, _ is known to us all. A. that B. which C. who D. as DDBDPRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 1. _is generally the case, those who care for the weakest members of society are respected. A. Which B. That C. What D. As高考真题链接高考真题链接 2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt ,_is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 高考真题链接高考真题链接.考点五考点五：定语从句与其他定语从句与其他 复合句的区分复合句的区分1. 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 We all have heard the news _our team won. We dont believe the news _he told us yesterday. thatthat/which 同位语从句，同位语从句，that从句表示的是从句表示的是news的内容，的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分。在从句中不作任何成分。 定语从句，定语从句，that引导的句子修饰前面的引导的句子修饰前面的news，that/which 在从句中充当宾语。在从句中充当宾语。 2. 定语从句与状语从句定语从句与状语从句 He left the key _ he had been an hour before. He left the place_ he lived for many years. wherewhere where引导的是状语从句，表示地点；引导的是状语从句，表示地点； 相当于相当于in the place where where 引导的是定语从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰the place，where在从句中做状语。在从句中做状语。 易混淆句型 He is such a good teacher_ all of us love and respect. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. asthat as 引导的是限制性定语从句，引导的是限制性定语从句，as 在从句中充当宾语。在从句中充当宾语。that引导的是结果状语从句引导的是结果状语从句, 在句子中不作成分，在句子中不作成分，句型句型 suchthat 翻译成翻译成 “如此如此以致以致”3定语从句与主语从句定语从句与主语从句 _ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. _is known to us all that paper was first made in China. AsIt as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首，句中，句末。可置于句首，句中，句末。 it 做形式主语，指代做形式主语，指代that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句4定语从句与强调结构定语从句与强调结构 It is the house_ I met the young man. It was in the house_ I met the young man. wherethat (where 引导的是定语从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语在定语从句中作地点状语) (本句为强调结构，去掉本句为强调结构，去掉it wasthat ,句子依然完整，句子依然完整，可还原为可还原为I met the young man in the house.) 1.A. The news _he told us was very exciting. B. He has brought us the news _our team has won the game. a. what b. as c.that d. where2. It is in a box _ I have hidden my money. Well go _ we are needed. a. that b. in which c. where d. in itcc acPRACTICE MAKES PERFECT3. A. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.B. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it. a. which b. that c. as d. about which4. A. All _ I need is a good rest. B. _I need is a good rest. a. What b. All what c. that d. Which cbca 1.(2008 福建，福建，27)_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which高考真题链接高考真题链接 2.The news came_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 高考真题链接高考真题链接 3. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which高考真题链接高考真题链接HomeworkHomeworkThanks for your Thanks for your aTTenTion!aTTenTion!