2014高考语法填空技巧.ppt

要做到要做到_、_、_、_、和和_五方面结合；五方面结合；注意大小写！注意大小写！篇章语境篇章语境句意句意语法语法思路思路考点分析考点分析给出给出动词动词给出提示词的题给出提示词的题给出名给出名词词/形容形容词词/副词副词不作不作谓语谓语作谓语：作谓语：考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致词词类类转转换换作非作非谓语谓语语法填空解题思路（一）：语法填空解题思路（一）：填填to do填填doing填填done作主语作主语/宾语宾语:表习惯表习惯/一般情况一般情况作目的作目的/结果结果/形容词后的状语形容词后的状语:与逻辑主语是主动与逻辑主语是主动关系关系/动作正在进行动作正在进行表具体情况表具体情况填填to do作定作定/状状语语/补语补语:与逻辑主语是被动与逻辑主语是被动关系关系/动作已完成动作已完成填填doing作表作表/定定/补语补语:作主作主/宾语宾语:填形容词填形容词填名词填名词饰动词饰动词/形容词形容词/副词副词/句子作状语句子作状语在冠词在冠词/形形物物代词后代词后或或“冠词冠词+形容词形容词”后后填名词填名词填副词填副词词性不变，词义也不变词性不变，词义也不变 填该词的比较等级填该词的比较等级词性不变，词义相反词性不变，词义相反 加否定加否定/反义的前反义的前/后缀后缀表动作发生在将来表动作发生在将来 填填to do1.缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语2.作主作主/宾宾/表语的名词或表语的名词或“形容词形容词+名词名词”前，前，填冠词填冠词填形容词性物主填形容词性物主代词、指示代词代词、指示代词填不定代词填不定代词3.名词名词/代词代词/动名词在句中不作主动名词在句中不作主/表，也不表，也不作动宾时，作动宾时，4.两个或几个单词或短语间没连词，两个或几个单词或短语间没连词，5.两句两句(一个主谓关系算一句一个主谓关系算一句)间没间没连词，也没分号连词，也没分号/句号，句号，语法填空解题思路（二）：语法填空解题思路（二）：纯设空题纯设空题填代词填代词前面填介词前面填介词填并列连词填并列连词填限定词填限定词填从属连词填从属连词6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是很可能是填情态动词填情态动词/表强调或倒装的助动词表强调或倒装的助动词(do/does/did等等)给出提示词的题考点归纳：给出提示词的题考点归纳：时态、语态、语气、人称和数时态、语态、语气、人称和数纯设空题考点纯设空题考点归纳：归纳：情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词注意：连续注意：连续3年都没考查的考点年都没考查的考点给出提示词的题：给出提示词的题： 谓语的谓语的（2）纯设空题：）纯设空题： 情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词注意其构成、数和所有格；注意其构成、数和所有格；首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。19 (12汕头监测汕头监测)it 24 (12金山、金山、揭阳一中联考揭阳一中联考)himself 2. 名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some, any, other, another, either, neither, less, more, little, few, many, much等。等。 1. After hearing the evidence, the judge asked the man to drop 2425-cent coin on the ground. (12广州调研广州调研)a 2.She was so distressed about the misery of poor people that she left 31fine home to spend her life in the slums of Chicago. (10惠州一模惠州一模)her3. Many means had been tried but 22 of them were good enough to catch the rats.(11惠州一惠州一模模)none3. 名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。能是填介词。4.若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填并列连词。填并列连词。Jane Adams was also active in fighting 35the use of child labor and war. (10惠州一模惠州一模)againstI soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door 20the back door. (12汕头监测汕头监测)or5. 若两句若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列或从属连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列或从属连词。词。1. In 1931, jane Adams was awarded the Nobel Prize for 40she had done for society. I was to return to Guangzhou.(10惠州一模惠州一模)what9091(12执信期末考试执信期末考试)and6. 若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等等)。I explained that while I didnt carry any cash, I 36happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled. (10茂名一模茂名一模)did7. 若缺状语，一定是填副词若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)。18 (11汕头四校联考汕头四校联考)However(1)由由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填强调结构形式，判断填it还是还是that。and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精味精)! (09广州一模广州一模)_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.注意：根据特殊句式的结构来判断空格应填的词。注意：根据特殊句式的结构来判断空格应填的词。itOnly(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until, had等，还是填等，还是填do, does, did等。等。(3)由由it作形式主语或形式宾语的的句式判断，空作形式主语或形式宾语的的句式判断，空格处是否填格处是否填it。1. Last year , my daughter was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病白血病). It is still hard to write that word. 16 is even harder to say it out loud, because it feels like that will make it more real. (11汕头质量汕头质量监测监测)2. And those who find 17 difficult to add up the number shouldnt feel too hopeless.(12六校联六校联考考)Itit(4)so /suchthat句型。句型。They 16 (carry) nearly one mile, but were let down so gently 34 none of the three was seriously injured. (11佛山二模佛山二模)that(5)morethan (与其说与其说不如说不如说，比比更更)句型。句型。Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40how much he pays. (深圳宝安期末深圳宝安期末)thanBeing good at mathematics may be entirely pre-destinedyou either have it 16 you dont.(12六校联考六校联考)or(6)either. or.; neither. nor.; not only. but also句型。句型。代词代词代词考点代词考点归纳：归纳：1.1.人称人称代词：主格、宾格代词：主格、宾格2.2.物主代词：形容词性、名词性物主代词：形容词性、名词性3.3.反身代词反身代词4.4.指示代词指示代词5.5.表示表示“两者两者”(both/ neither/ either)(both/ neither/ either)或或 “ “多者多者”(all/ none/ any)(all/ none/ any)的不定代词的不定代词6.6.表示表示“别的，另外的别的，另外的”(another, other, others, (another, other, others, the other, the others) the other, the others)不定代词不定代词7.7.表示表示“每一每一”的的eacheach和和everyevery8.8.表示表示“一些一些”的的somesome和和any any 9.9.复合不定代词：由复合不定代词：由every-, some-, any-, every-, some-, any-, no- no- 与与-thing, -one, -body-thing, -one, -body等构成的不定代词。等构成的不定代词。10.10.替代词替代词it, that, those, oneit, that, those, one11.it11.it的用法的用法 1. Royston and 35_ volunteers collect, pack and give out gifts and candy-15 tons of toys and goodies 36donated (donate) by folks and businesses. . Angels come in all shapes, sizes and costumes. And all of 39_ bring happiness and little miracles along, 40encouraging (encourage) others to pass them along.(10惠州二模惠州二模) 2. Mr. Jones woke early one morning. It was a beautiful morning, so 16_ went to the window and looked out. (13惠州二模惠州二模)otherthemhe3.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_. (全国全国)themselves 4. If you run after two hares at the same time, you will catch _.neither 5. When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each evening, he will stop 23 frequently (frequent) to look back, making sure that the 24 _ isnt too far behind to hear the bell.（11汕汕头一模）头一模） 6. Moved by the beauty of his music, these men recognized excellence and responded to 25_. (11广一模广一模)otherit7._ of us could live without other people. None 8. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.that 9. Many will fail to find jobs or lose the_ they have.ones 10. as 32_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (08佛山二模佛山二模)it连词连词连词考点归纳：连词考点归纳：1.并列连词并列连词:and, when(=and just at this time), not onlybut (also), neithernor; or, otherwise, or else, either.or; but, yet, notbut; while; for, so 等等2.引导状语从句的连词引导状语从句的连词:when, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, whenever, as soon as; where, wherever; because, as, since; so that, in order that; in case, for fear that等等3.引导名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连词:that, whether, if, who(m), whose, which, what,when, where, why, how,whoever, whatever, whichever等等4.引导定语从句的连词引导定语从句的连词:who, whom, that, which, when, where, why, as, whose等等 2. Immigrants 34other poor people came to her settlement house for advice and help as well as for fun. (10惠州一模惠州一模)and1. all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (08深深圳一模圳一模)and 3. This made the goat so jealous 34it began plotting against (谋划对付谋划对付) the donkey. (07惠州二模惠州二模)that 4. I kept thinking of 21_ Vernon would say when he came back. I was just going to give up 22_ I noticed that one bedroom window was slightly open. (12汕头监测汕头监测) what when 5.20_they supported the traveller, they also agreed that the wind was blowing from the shop to the place 21_ he had eaten, carrying the smell of the fried fish to him. She insisted that 23_ the man had enjoyed her fish smell, he should pay 25 cents. (12广州调研广州调研) Though/ Althoughwheresince/ because/ as 6. A few years ago the belief became general 20_ orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same time. (12深圳期末考试深圳期末考试)that 7. At last they tried to fill in the plane 23with carbon-dioxide, 24_ poisoned all the eighty rats by the poisonous gas.(11惠州一模惠州一模) which 首先判断要填的动词在句中作谓语还是作非谓语。首先判断要填的动词在句中作谓语还是作非谓语。 1.若句中没有谓语，或虽已有谓语，但需填的动词与若句中没有谓语，或虽已有谓语，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑就要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致时态、语态、语气、主谓一致。一、给出动词的题一、给出动词的题 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 _ (close) my book and walked away. (08年广一模年广一模)closed 2.若句中已有谓语、又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就若句中已有谓语、又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词：是非谓语动词：-ing、-ed或不定式。或不定式。 (1)作主语或宾语，通常表示具体情况用不定式，表示作主语或宾语，通常表示具体情况用不定式，表示习惯或一般情况用习惯或一般情况用-ing。 Miss Bean expected me to have my own opinion about difficult questions and taught me that 21 _ (think) for oneself was the real key to success in learning.(12深圳阶段测试深圳阶段测试)thinking(2)作目的状语、作目的状语、结果状语结果状语和和形容词后的状语，用不定式。形容词后的状语，用不定式。 With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad. (10全国卷全国卷I)to buy George returned after the war, only _ (tell) that his wife had left him. (2012山东卷山东卷)to be told(3)作作定语、定语、状语、或补语，与逻辑主语是主动关系、表状语、或补语，与逻辑主语是主动关系、表动作正在进行，用动作正在进行，用-ing；是被动关系、表动作已完成，用；是被动关系、表动作已完成，用done; 表动作发生在将来用不定式。表动作发生在将来用不定式。 _ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (10上海卷上海卷)Approaching3. 有时给出的动词既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，有时给出的动词既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。而是要求词类转换。there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34(attract) (08年广一模年广一模)attractions二、给出名词、副词、形容词的题：二、给出名词、副词、形容词的题：1.词类转换词类转换:（1）作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。）作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。 Previous research has indicated that number sense is 18(base) to humans.（12六校第六校第四次联考）四次联考）basic（2）作主语或宾语，用名词。）作主语或宾语，用名词。36 _ (lazy), lying, stealing and so on are all easily-formed bad habits. (10惠州三模惠州三模)Laziness （3）在冠词、形）在冠词、形容词性物主容词性物主代词后，或代词后，或“冠词冠词+形容词形容词”后，用名词。后，用名词。 He studied piano with the great masters of Europe and achieved huge success as a 17_ (music) and composer in his early years. (11广州调研广州调研)musician（4）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，）修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词。作状语，用副词。 When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by an unseen force to do the same thing 32 _(repeat); then a habit is formed. (10惠州三模惠州三模)repeatedly 2. 给出形容词或副词的题，如果词性不变、词义给出形容词或副词的题，如果词性不变、词义也不变，可能是考查其比较等级。也不变，可能是考查其比较等级。 Then I heard piano music and singing rising above the noise of the people and the traffic. I walked much 17 (slow) so I could find out where it was coming 18. (12茂名二模茂名二模)slower 3. 给出形容词或副词的题，如果给出形容词或副词的题，如果词性不用变、词词性不用变、词义相反，在词根前、后表否定或反义的前、后缀义相反，在词根前、后表否定或反义的前、后缀un-，im-，-less等。等。 Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes 32 _ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits. (10惠州三模惠州三模)impossible 2. When I explained that my baseball had flew through Mrs Holts window, 33break) the glass, Steve encouraged me to admit to her. After all, I should 34 _(play) in the park and not in the path. (07年肇庆二模年肇庆二模)have played3. but it is not enough only 35 _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (09佛山一佛山一模模)6. Severnl days earlier Mr Carlsson, is the owner of a fish shop, was preparing a fresh load of fish 36 _ (sell) at his shop. (07广广州调研州调研)to memorizebreakingto sell/ to be sold-ing做结果状语，做结果状语，且在作文中常用且在作文中常用8. I looked at the proud dirty face that I attention to so rarely, with tears 25 _ (fill) my eyes.（11惠州二模）惠州二模）filling10. He had witnessed too many 19 _ (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years 20 _ (early), in which 40,000 people were killed, wounded or missing.（12佛佛山二模）山二模） deathsearlier1. But the leaders did not announce any 32_ (detail) plan for Greece after meeting Thursday in Brussels. （10 广二模）广二模） 4. Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is 39 _ (true) rich. (09广一广一模模)detailedtruly6. Worries over Greek debt have pushed the euro to its 36(low) value in months against the dollar. (10广二模广二模)7. With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally 40 _ (speech). (09广二模广二模)8. 18 _ (fortunate), I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return. (12汕头监测汕头监测)lowestspeechlessUnfortunately1617 (12佛山二模佛山二模)It to 2324(12六校联考六校联考)what between24 (11湛江一模湛江一模)themselves 2425(11佛山一模佛山一模)but21 22 , the Internet is 23 opportunity to put forward ones talents, creativity, and powers in order to be noticed. (12湛湛江一模江一模)Thus/Therefore/Soan 5. Listen to these words from Darwin P. Kingsley: “You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you 39do. ” (10茂名二模茂名二模)could7. She asked me for a hug, but I did not know what 20 _ word “hug” meant. So, I just looked at her 21 _ a questioning expression on my face. But she didnt give up. She called my father into the room and asked him to explain to me what she meant. When he did I looked at my new step-mom and wondered 22 _ she wanted to hug me. She then told me it was because she loved me and you hug people when you love 23 _. So she opened her arms wide and timidly I opened 24 _ and we hugged. (12茂茂名一模名一模)themminethe with why 8. Hic! Youve just hiccupped(打嗝打嗝) for the tenth time since you finished dinner. Wonder 16_ these funny noises are coming from? The part 17to blame (blame) is your diaphragm, the muscle（肌肉）（肌肉）at the bottom of your chest. All hiccups start here. The diaphragm almost always 18works (work) perfectly- it pulls down when you breathe in to help pull air into the lungs 19_ it moves up when you breathe out to help push air out of the lungs. . When this irregular breath hits your voice box, youre left with a big hiccup. Things23_ bother the diaphragm include eating too quickly or too much, stomachaches or feeling nervous. If you want to know 23_ to get rid of hiccups, here are some cures. (11广二模广二模)whereand/ orthat/ whichhow(2012惠州二模惠州二模) Recently I failed an examHowever, 16when/ after I came out of my teachers office, I told myself: Smile! Its not so serious. I smiled a big smile and 17it worked a little, really Everyone gets 18_(frustrate) sometimesI used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spiritsBut one day I came 19across a sentence in the Bible: “Do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will he anxious for itselfLet the days own trouble be sufficient for the day It suddenly struck me: 形容词形容词frustrated 20_ (worry) about a problem doesnt helpWhy not just give a big smile and face up 21to the trouble?Now every time I want to cry, I remind myself that 22_（laugh） is better than tears and angerI 23_ (convince) that theres something magical about a smileA smile helps me recover confidence and gives me 24the courage to move onRemember, whenever youre faced with a setback, whenever youve been treated unfairly, all it takes is determination and you can feel happy againSmile at life, 25and it will shine on you名词名词laughter非谓语非谓语Worrying谓语谓语am convinced 1. I 77 _ (impress) by its garden-like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. I once fell in love with it.(12执信月考执信月考)was impressed to find 4. We were astonished _(find) the temple still in its original condition. (10辽宁卷辽宁卷) 5. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. (10浙江卷浙江卷) 7. _(seat) in your home, you are capable of finding a lot of sources.(11湛江一模湛江一模) 9. He was to order some flowers 16 _ (send) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. When he got out of his car he noticed a young girl sitting on the roadside 17 _ (cry). （12六校第三次联考）六校第三次联考）carriedSeatedto