现在完成时讲解(1).ppt

Grammar 不同时间发生的动作，动词要用不同形式 1.She works in a factory. 2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week. 5.Are you doing your homework ?过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时名称名称时间时间 动词形式动词形式一般现在时一般现在时平时，经常平时，经常现在进行时现在进行时正在进行正在进行一般将来时一般将来时即将，计划即将，计划 1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原形原形一般过去时一般过去时过去（与现过去（与现在无关）在无关）1.v-ed（规则动词）规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词过去进行时过去进行时过去某一时过去某一时间，在进行间，在进行was/were+v-ing1.v原形原形 2. v三单三单am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形原形2.be going to +v原形原形3.be+ving 4 be about to + v原形原形1.v-ed（规则动词）规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词was/were+v-ing现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1. 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果影响或结果。 2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在的现在的动作或状态动作或状态, ,1.1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果影响或结果。2.2.过去已经开始，过去已经开始，持续持续到现在到现在的动作或状态的动作或状态动词构成：动词构成：have/has+v过去分词过去分词had breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿现在我不饿)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2000I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2000. nownow1.用法用法 2.现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成: have / has + v 过去分词过去分词 助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Have you?Has he?I, finish, homeworkI have finished my homework.I havent finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 1.规则动词规则动词 2.不规则动词不规则动词finish-finished-finishedlive-lived-livedcarry-carried-carriedstopstopped-stoppedeg.gowentgonesee-sawseenforgetforgot-forgotten1. 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。她成为一名护士已经三年了。2. 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。我五年前就认识李雷了。3. 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（那些相片我已经寄给他了。（postpost）4. 4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。5. 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。我刚丢了我的历史书。She has been a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book. ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段时间的短语时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语表示过去时间的时间状语从句从句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince B. 常与常与 just, already, yet, ever, never，so far 连用连用, 强调动作完成强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续不强调动作的持续. eg.Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.everjustalreadyyetA.for+时间段时间段/ since +时间点时间点3. 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与连用，如:already, already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few yearsin the past few years等,表示“”所发生的动作.还可以和表示连用， since, for a long timesince, for a long time等.上一页下一页主菜单一、一、sincesince Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. . I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.Hes learned about 500 words Hes learned about 500 words since he since he went to college.went to college.上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一个时间点一段时间一段时间ago从句从句二二、forfor一段时间一段时间（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短语短语表示动作延续多长时间表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school He has taught in this school for four years. for four years. I havent seen her I havent seen her for a long timefor a long time. . 上一页下一页主菜单Comparison:-You speak French so well. Have you been to Paris?-Yes. I stayed there for 2 years.短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。上一页下一页在完成式中表述这种意思在完成式中表述这种意思, ,我们常用相我们常用相应的应的来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单四四. become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 下一页上一页主菜单 come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 也可以仍用原短暂性动词，也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型用句型“” 或用或用“”这一结构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状作或状 态。态。 上一页下一页主菜单电影开始五分钟了。The film The film has been onhas been on for five minutes. for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film beganThe film began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago. .他入党五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years. the Party for five years.It isIt is five years five years sincesince he joined the Party. he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago .five years ago .下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单五五.have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段呆在某处一段时间了时间了”上一页下一页主菜单1. HasHas she ever she ever been tobeen to Nanjing? Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？ 2.You You have have nevernever beenbeen there, have you? there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ 3.I I have been tohave been to GuilingGuiling ,I went there ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。 4.She She has gone tohas gone to Nanjing. Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 六六.与一般过去时的用法比较一一. .现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系动作和事情与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作事情，强调动作； 现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）知道了。）2）一般过去时一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是一般是延续性的延续性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。 ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)二时间状语的区别：二时间状语的区别： 当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: : 上一页下一页eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 现在完成时现在完成时总是与现在完成时现在完成时总是与since+since+时间时间点，点，for +for +时间段连用。时间段连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜单选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to _ you ever _ to kunmingkunming ? Never. ? Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单1. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8. 自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.