课时二:七年级英语名词代词课件.ppt
一、什么是一、什么是“名词名词” 及及名词的分类名词的分类 二、可数名词变复数的规则二、可数名词变复数的规则 三、不可数名词三、不可数名词 四、名词所有格四、名词所有格 五、练习五、练习 名词名词:(noun.)表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。 类别类别用法用法例词例词 普普通通名名词词可数名词可数名词个体名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体表示某类人或事物中的个体pen, student, deskpen, student, desk集体名词集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体表示若干个个体组成的集合体g r o u p , f a m i l y , g r o u p , f a m i l y , classclass不可数名词不可数名词物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物表示无法分为个体的实物(并非绝对)(并非绝对)air, tea, water, air, tea, water, paper, breadpaper, bread抽象名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念抽象概念work, time, news,work, time, news,healthhealth专专有有名名词词 某个(些)人名,地方,机构节某个(些)人名,地方,机构节日等专有的名称日等专有的名称, ,首字母通常要大首字母通常要大写。写。Mary, Shanghai, Mary, Shanghai, China, The Great China, The Great W a l l , J u l yW a l l , J u l y ,ChristmasChristmas返回1.1.规则变化规则变化2.2.不规则变化不规则变化1 1、一般加、一般加-s,-s,如如: :maps,carsmaps,cars 2 2、以、以s s , x x ,shsh, , chch 结尾的加结尾的加- -eses; ; 如:如:dish-dishes dish-dishes 3 3、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加y y结尾的结尾的 , 先变先变y y为为i i , ,再加再加- -eses ; ; 如:如: baby-babiesbaby-babies ,family-families4 4、以、以f,fef,fe结尾的名词,通常要变结尾的名词,通常要变f f 或或fefe为为v,v,再加再加- -eses; ; 如如: : leaf-leaves, wife-leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieveswives,life-lives,thief-thieves; ;注注: : belief-beliefsbelief-beliefs(信心)(信心),roof-roofs,roof-roofs(屋顶)(屋顶) , , safe-safessafe-safes(保险箱)(保险箱), gulf-gulfs, gulf-gulfs(海湾)则直接加(海湾)则直接加s s 5 5、以、以o o 结尾的名词,变复数时:结尾的名词,变复数时: a.a. 加加s s,如:,如: photo photo photos,pianophotos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zooradios,zoo zoos zoos; b.b. 加加eses,如:,如:potato potato potatoes potatoes,tomatotomatotomatoes,herotomatoes,hero heroes( heroes(英雄英雄) ) Both Jim and Li Lei are _.A. a good student B. a good studentsC. good student D. good studentsFor example:For example:We bought two _ for the comingparty.A. box of peachesB. boxes of peachesC. box of peachD. boxes of peachFor example:A few _ are painting some _.A. boies; flies B. boys; flysC. boys; flies D. boies; flysFor example:Look! There are a lot of _ on theground.A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leafesFor example:1. There are five _ on the tbale.A. tomatos B. tomatos C. tomato D. photos2. There are many _ in the basket. A. tomatoes B. tomatos C. toomato D. potatos1 1、改变内部元音字母:、改变内部元音字母:woman-women妇女,妇女,man-men男人,男人,policeman-policemen警警察察,mouse-mice老鼠老鼠,foot-feet脚脚,tooth-teeth牙牙,3、单、复数同形:单、复数同形:yuan元元, people人们、人民人们、人民 , Chinese中国人,中国人,Japanese日本人日本人, sheep绵羊绵羊, deer鹿,鹿,fish, 关于关于“国人国人”的复数:的复数:返回2、词尾发生变化:、词尾发生变化:child-children4、有些词只有复数形式:Clothes 衣服, trousers 裤子, socks 袜子,glasses 眼镜,名称名称 总称总称( (谓语用复数谓语用复数) )一个人一个人 两个人两个人 中国人中国人theChinese aChinesetwoChinese瑞士人瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss 澳大利亚人澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians 俄国人俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians 意大利人意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians 希腊人希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks 法国人法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese 美国人美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans 印度人印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians 加拿大人加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians 德国人德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans 英国人英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen 瑞典人瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes注意:与注意:与man和和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和和-women。如:如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但但German不是合成词,故复数形式为不是合成词,故复数形式为GermansFor example:1. There was 1 _(Chinese), 2_(American), 3 _(French), 4_(English) travelling in this story.不可数名词:(前面不能用不可数名词:(前面不能用a,ana,an等来修饰)等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类液体类(water)(water):juice(juice(果汁果汁) , tea) , tea(茶)(茶) , soup, soup(汤)(汤) ,milk,milk(牛奶)(牛奶) , , colacola(可乐)(可乐) ,coffee,coffee(咖啡)(咖啡) , ,肉类肉类(meat)(meat):beefbeef(牛肉)(牛肉),pork,pork(猪肉)(猪肉),mutton,mutton(羊肉)(羊肉)粉末类:粉末类:breadbread(面包)(面包) , ,抽象名词类:抽象名词类:newsnews(新闻,消息)(新闻,消息),information,information(消息)(消息),money,money(钱)(钱),advice,advice(建议)(建议),friendship,friendship(友谊)(友谊) ,work,work(工作)(工作),homework,homework(家庭(家庭作业)作业),housework,housework(家务活)(家务活),schoolwork,schoolwork(学业)(学业),help,help(帮助)(帮助) ,fun ,fun (乐(乐趣)趣),health,health(健康)(健康),price ,price (价格)(价格) 食物类(食物类(food)food):broccolibroccoli(花椰菜)(花椰菜) , , rice rice(大米,米饭)(大米,米饭) ,porridge,porridge(粥(粥) ,junk food) ,junk food(垃圾食品)(垃圾食品),chocolate,chocolate(巧克力)(巧克力) ,tofu,tofu(豆腐)(豆腐) 不可数名词计量的表达不可数名词计量的表达: :个数单位词:个数单位词:piece piece (张、片、块、条)(张、片、块、条), ,容器单位词:容器单位词:bottlebottle(瓶)(瓶),bag,bag(包)(包),box,box(盒、箱)(盒、箱), ,类别单位词:类别单位词:kind( kind( 种、类种、类) )度量衡单位词:度量衡单位词:kilo(kilo(千克、公斤千克、公斤) ) 返回For example:1. -Would you like some drinks, boys? -Yes, _ please.A. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolatesC. some cakesD. two bottles of orange2. - I find a _ in a TV station as a reporter. - Oh, you will be busy and have a lot of _ to do.A. work; jobs B. work; workC. job; jobsD. job; work名词所有格:名词所有格:表示表示“(某人)的(某人)的”:一般在名词后加一般在名词后加 s 构成。构成。如:如:Jims mother 吉姆的妈妈吉姆的妈妈 My teachers desk 我老我老师的桌子师的桌子 the dogs name那狗的名字那狗的名字若以若以S结尾词,则在结尾词,则在S后加后加 .如:如:the boys 那些男孩的。那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。 如:如:Lucy and Lilys mother 。 Lucy和和Lily的妈妈(两人是姐妹)的妈妈(两人是姐妹)表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。 如:如:Lucys and Lilys mothers . Lucy 的妈妈和的妈妈和Lily的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)For example:1. Whose ruler is it? Its _. A. hes B. shes C. Wang Lins D. me2. How long does it take to get to the station? - Its _ walk. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes3. June 1st is _.September 10th is _. A. Childrens Day B. Childrens Day C. Teachers Day D. Teachers Day4. The chair over there is _. A. Marys and Joys B. Marys and Joy C. Mary and Joy D. Mary and Joys5. When we saw the film Hero, I sat betweenTed and Ben. That is to say, my seat was Between _. A. Ted and Ben B. Teds and Ben C. Ted and Bens D. Teds and Bens 注:物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。 公式为: a,an,this,that+名词名词+of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词。 如: a friend of mine. each brother of his.一般用一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:如:如:thedooroftheroom房间的门房间的门amapofChina一一张中国地图张中国地图thephotosofmysister我妹妹的照片我妹妹的照片双重所有格,例:双重所有格,例:afriendofmyfathers,aclassmateofmineFor example: It is said that an old friend of _ will come to my home. A. my fathers B. my fatherss C. fathers D. fathers1. 1.名词前的修饰词:名词前的修饰词:放在可数名词复数前的有:放在可数名词复数前的有:many(many(许多)许多) , few, few(很少)(很少) , a , a fewfew(一些)(一些), ,放在不可数名词复数前的有放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(: much(许多)许多) , little , little (很少)(很少), a , a littlelittle(一些)(一些)( (可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:a lot of ,lots of(a lot of ,lots of(许多)许多), , some some (一些)(一些) 2. 2.有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:如:goodsgoods货物,货物,waterswaters水域,水域,fishesfishes(各种)鱼(各种)鱼3.3.以以s s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a.a. mathsmaths,politicspolitics,physicsphysics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b.b. news news 是不可是不可数名词。数名词。 c.c. the United States the United States,the United Nations (the United Nations (联合国联合国) )应应视为单数。视为单数。 d.d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。是一本非常有趣的故事书。 For example:1.The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 典型题例分析 例例1 1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves 6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths返回例2 判断下列文哪句译正确: 多好的消息啊! A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !例3 单项选择 What you need is more . Dont always do your at your desk.A.exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises 例4 单项选择 All the teachers and students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl 例5 改错 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short . 返回例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: I dont think maths ( be ) easy . 例7 单项选择: Mabel gave me . A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread 例8 改错: Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ? 例9 单项选择: mother is a worker . A. Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes C. Marys ane Mike D. Mary and Mike 返回例10 单项选择: 1.Aftertheexams,weshallhave holiday.A.twomonthsB.two-monthC.atwomonthD.atwomonths2.MrSmithis.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishwomanD.Englishmen3.WangLeiwasborninWuhan,butGuangzhouhasbecomehersecond.AfamilyB.homeC.houseD.country4.MostEnglishpeoplesfamilynamecomes A.firstB.middleC.lastD.together5.Thereisa overtheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village例13 改错 Youdbetterhavewalkaftersupper. 返回1The two girls are ( Japan ) .2. The ( baby ) are asleep .3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) . 5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields . 6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .返回 单项选择: 1. The boy dropped the and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup2. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too .A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a piece of good news D. many newses5. are sold in that shop . A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoesC. Mens and children shoes D. Man and child shoes6. I will give you _ to finish it. A. two weeks time B. two week time C. two weeks time D. two weeks time7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. Mothers of Mary.8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair9. Its my dog . A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C. sister Lily D. sisters Lily10. The football team _ listening to the popular music now. A. are B. is C. was D. were返回 一、什么是一、什么是“代词代词” 及及代词的分类代词的分类 二、人称、物主、反身代词二、人称、物主、反身代词 三、指示、相互、不定代词三、指示、相互、不定代词 四、练习四、练习定义定义:代词是用来代替名词的一种此类。:代词是用来代替名词的一种此类。常见的有:常见的有:1、人称代词、人称代词2、物主代词、物主代词3、反身代词、反身代词4、指示代词、指示代词5、疑问代词、疑问代词6、相互代词、相互代词7、不定代词。、不定代词。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一览表 主格宾格形容词性物主性第一人称单数I memyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人称代词物主代词反身代词 一一. 作主语(用主格形式)作主语(用主格形式) We are cooks. 我们是厨师。我们是厨师。 二二. 作表语(用主格形式)作表语(用主格形式) Its I. 是我。是我。 注意:在正式场合中,当表语的代词应采用主格形式。注意:在正式场合中,当表语的代词应采用主格形式。 但是在口语习惯上人们常用宾格形式。如:但是在口语习惯上人们常用宾格形式。如:Its me. 三三. 作宾语(用宾格形式)作宾语(用宾格形式) This is my hat. Do you like it? 这是我的帽子。你喜欢吗?这是我的帽子。你喜欢吗? 四四. 作介宾(用宾格形式)作介宾(用宾格形式) My brother often takes care of me. 我哥哥经常照顾我。我哥哥经常照顾我。 人称代词的排序人称代词的排序 you and I ; you and he (she) he (she) and I ; you, he (she) and I we and you ; we and they ; we, you and they 一一.几个人称代词同时作主语时排列顺序通常为:几个人称代词同时作主语时排列顺序通常为:例如:例如: 1.You, he and I should help each other. 2.She and I are of the same age.二二.在承认错误时,在承认错误时,“I”放在其他人称前面表示勇于承认错误。放在其他人称前面表示勇于承认错误。 例如:例如: I and my brother made the mistake. it的特殊用法的特殊用法1、作主语。表示天气、时间、距离。 It was raining yesterday. what time is it? Its six thirty.2、作形式主语。 It is good for your health to do morning exercises. It is a pity that you missed that film.3、作形式宾语。 Do you think it necessary to do it like that? We find it very important to learn English well.一一.指可爱、美丽的动物用指可爱、美丽的动物用she表示,指凶猛的动物用表示,指凶猛的动物用he表示表示Ihavealovelycat.Sheismyfavorite.Thedogwavedhistailwhenhesawhismaster.二二.表示车、船、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用表示车、船、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用she表示表示Chinaismymotherland.ShesgettingmoreandmorebeautifulWhatswrongwiththecar?Shewontstart.三三.用用we、you、they泛指一般人。泛指一般人。Weallmakemistakes.Youshouldkeepcalmevenwhenyouareindanger. 一一.形容词性物主代词当定语形容词性物主代词当定语 Myschoolisnotfarfromhere. 二二.名词性物主代词当主语名词性物主代词当主语 Oursisthebestfootballteamintheschool. 三三.名词性物主代词当表语名词性物主代词当表语 Thebookonthedeskisntmine.四四.名词性物主代词当宾语名词性物主代词当宾语 Iforgottobringmypen.MayIuseyours? 形容词性物主代词只能当定语。形容词性物主代词只能当定语。 名词性物主代词可以当主语、表语、宾语。名词性物主代词可以当主语、表语、宾语。1.英语中表示身体所有的、随手携带的常用形容词性物主代词英语中表示身体所有的、随手携带的常用形容词性物主代词, 汉语中却没有这样的使用习惯。汉语中却没有这样的使用习惯。 Heputonhishatandleft. 2.形容词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调。连用表示强调。 IwontbelieveituntilIseeitwithmyowneyes.3.以下结构中,必须用以下结构中,必须用the,而不能用形容词性物主代词。,而不能用形容词性物主代词。 touchsb.onthehead摸某人的头摸某人的头 hitsb.intheface打某人的脸打某人的脸 hitsb.onthenose打某人的鼻子打某人的鼻子 strikesb.inthechest打某人的胸打某人的胸部部 catchsb.bythearm抓住某人的手臂抓住某人的手臂 二二.名词性物主代词和名词性物主代词和of连用当定语,构成双重所有格。连用当定语,构成双重所有格。 Thatsonofhersisverylovely.她的那个儿子很可爱。她的那个儿子很可爱。Thispaintingofhisisveryexcellent.他的这副画非常优秀。他的这副画非常优秀。一一.形容词性物主代词的其他用法形容词性物主代词的其他用法 反身代词是由形容词性物主代词或宾格代词加-self或-selves构成。 反身代词单数以-self结尾,复数以-selves结尾;第一、二人称是形容词性物主代词加self(selves)构成,第三人称是宾格代词加self(selves)构成。 第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数单数myselfyourselfitselfhimselfherself复数复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesl 当一个句子的主语、宾语是同一个人时,常用反身代词作宾语。l 1作动词的宾语作动词的宾语。如: Did you enjoy _ in the park on Sunday? 你星期天在公园里玩得高兴吗? Could he buy _ lots of presents? 他能为自己买许多礼物吗?l 注:反身代词作动词宾语时,常见的动词有:enjoy, help, hurt, know, wash, look after, teach等。l 2作介词的宾语作介词的宾语。如: I finished the work by _. 我独立完成了这项工作。l 3其他用法其他用法:l 反身代词还可以作宾语的同位语反身代词还可以作宾语的同位语。 Ill speak to the teacher himself. 我要对老师本人讲。l 也可作表语用也可作表语用。如: She is not herself today. 她今天不舒服。 1、反身代词一般无所有格,也不能放在、反身代词一般无所有格,也不能放在of短语(表示短语(表示所属)后,所属)后,“某人自己的某人自己的”可用可用onesown表达。表达。如: Id like to have a car of my own. 2、反身代词本身通常不能作主语,但可以放在并列反身代词本身通常不能作主语,但可以放在并列主语后作第二主语。主语后作第二主语。如: My brother and myself both like English very much. 3、反身代词与其所强调反身的成份在人称、数等方反身代词与其所强调反身的成份在人称、数等方面要保持一致面要保持一致。如: We met Li Ming himself on the playground. 我们在操场上遇见了李明本人。 Exercises:1. When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed _ and got some first-hand information. A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. My mother finds _ great fun to learn to drive a car. A. it B. this C. the D. what3. Let me help you to carry the box. - No, thanks. I can do it by _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myselfExercises:4. Jim is an American boy. _ came to China last year. A. She B. He C. Him D. Her5. Who will you see, _ or _? A. her; he B. she; him C. her; him D. she; he6. - Wow, your new bicycle looks the same as _. - Really? A. me B. I C. my D. mine7. Who taught _ French? Nobody. She learned all by _. A. herself; her B. she; herself C her; herself D. her; she常见的指示代词有:常见的指示代词有: this这个这个that那个那个 these这些这些those那些那些含义:英语中把用来表示含义:英语中把用来表示“这个、那个、这些、那些这个、那个、这些、那些”等指示等指示概概 念的代词念的代词称为指示代词。称为指示代词。 二、指示代词的句法功能二、指示代词的句法功能 1.作主语作主语 : :ThisismybookandthatsKates. 2.作宾语作宾语 : :Doyoulikethese?3.作定语作定语 : :Iwantthiscomputer. Wearebusythesedays. 4.作表语作表语 : :Oh,itsnotthat. 噢,问题不在那儿。噢,问题不在那儿。 WhatIwantisthis.我要的就是这个。我要的就是这个。三、三、thisthis,thatthat,thesethese,thosethose的用法区别的用法区别 1.近指代词和远指代词近指代词和远指代词 this(包括其复数形式(包括其复数形式these),是近指代词。指时间或空间上),是近指代词。指时间或空间上 较近的人及事物。较近的人及事物。that(包括其复数形式(包括其复数形式those),是远指代词。),是远指代词。 指时间或空间上较远的人及事物。指时间或空间上较远的人及事物。 ThisisMrSmithandthatisMrBlack. Thesearepearsandthoseareapples.2.that和和those用来代替前面说过的名词。用来代替前面说过的名词。 TheweatherinShanghaiisnotsocoldasthatinBeijing. TheradiosmadeinTianjinareasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai. 3.在打电话时,在打电话时,th