[原创]2014年《南方新中考》英语第一部分第13讲复合句[配套课件].ppt

第 13 讲 复合句一、选词填空1Lily told me _ (how, why) she didnt go boatingyesterday.whywhose2She asked me if I knew_ (whose, who) pen it was.3This novel is the most popular one_ (which, that)has been published this year.thatwas4Mr.Wang didnt know if there_ (is, was) an Englishevening that day.the way is tois the way to5I hope to visit Hainan some day. Its a place_(where, which) it is always warm.二、单句改错1.Do you know which the way is to the supermarket？_2.This is the factory where we visited last week._3.Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library._wherewhich/thatwhichthat4.The teacher told us the sun was much bigger than the earth._wasis5.Sarah said she can speak three languages when she waswhereyoung._cancould宾语从句宾语从句的引导词1当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导(that 通常可以省略)。如：We found (that) mom had known the secret.我们发现妈妈已经知道了这个秘密。2当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 whether, if 引导。如果从句中有 or 或 or not，则只能用 whether 表示是否。如：The man kept asking whether the director would come back ornot/if the director would come back the next day.这个人不断问主任第二天是否会回来。3当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，用 what, who, where, when,how, why, which, whose 等特殊疑问词引导。如：I dont know how they made it.我不知道他们怎么做到的。Just watch what he does.注意他做了什么。宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语陈述句语序序。如：We dont know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中，谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致，其一般规律为：1主句中的谓语动词如果是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态。2主句中的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，从句中的谓语动词要用相对应的过去时态。3如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实，从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时。宾语从句与简单句的转换1.由连接代词或连接副词 what, how, where 等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”结构。如：She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday. She hasntdecided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? =Could you tellme how to make fruit salad? 你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？2动词 think, make, find 等后面的宾语从句可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：I think that hes a great man.I think him a great man.我认为他是个了不起的人。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, that, whose, which关系副词：when, where, why关系词的选用1先行词指人时，通常用 who (作主语或宾语), whom (作宾语), that (作主语或宾语)。作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize. 吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our head teacher 我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。2先行词指物指物时，可用 that/which 引导。若前面有介词时，只能用 which。如：The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。3先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系有所属关系，表示“的”时，要用关系代词 whose 作定语。如：The math book whose cover is red is hers.封面是红色的那本数学书是她的。4先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用关系副词 when。如：I will never forget the days when we studied together inAmerica.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。5先行词为表示地点的词，且在定语从句中作地点状语作地点状语时，常用关系副词 where。如：We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。注意：关系副词 when, where 只能在从句中作状语，不可充当主语或宾语。6先行词为 reason (原因)，且在从句中作原因状语作原因状语时，要用关系副词 why。如：Nobody knows the reason why she left this company. 没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。只能用关系代词 that 的情况1先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时。如：The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引领的最为人们熟知的时尚潮流就是短发。The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们要做的第一件事就是获得一些食物。2先行词前有 all, any, much, little, none, every, few 等词修饰时。如：Please move out all the desks that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。3先行词前有 the only, the very, the last, the same 等词修饰时。如：The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal. 我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。4先行词是不定代词 something, anything, nothing,everything 时。如：Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以为你做些什么吗？5先行词同时包含人和物时。如：I can see many people and buildings that reflect on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出的许多的人和建筑。6主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有 when (当时), as (当时),while ( 当时), till/until ( 直到), since ( 自从以来),before ( 在 之 前 ), after ( 在 之 后 ), as soon as ( 一就), by the time (到时)等。1when, while 和 as 引导的从句(1)when 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。when 引导的时间状语从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，多用一般过去时。如：They were talking happily when I walked past the door. 当我走过门口时，他们正谈得很开心。(2)while 强调主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延只能用延续性动词续性动词，且多用进行时态。如：My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。(3)as 表示“一边一边”，强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。如：As they walked along the lake, they sang happily.他们一边沿着湖边走，一边高兴地唱歌。2till/until 引导的从句(1)若主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则主句用肯定式或否定式皆可，只是意思不同。如：He ran till it rained.他一直跑直到下雨。He didnt run until it rained.直到下雨了，他才开始跑。(2)若主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每个人都上车了才会发动。3since 引导的从句since 表示“自从以来”，主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用过去时。如：The family has lived in the old house since the father died. 自从父亲过世，这家人就一直住在这栋老房子里。4before 和 after 引导的从句before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如：We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。5as soon as 引导的从句as soon as 表示“一就”，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来从句常用一般现在时表将来。如：I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new one.等我一买到新鞋，我就会把这双破的鞋扔掉。原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有 because (因为), since (因为，既然), as (因为，由于), for (因为)等。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。Since you are free, you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。David just waited there as he didnt know what to do. 因为不知道该做什么，大卫就等在那儿。The Smiths had to start early, for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。注意：because 和 so 不能同时使用。地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有 where (哪里), wherever (无论哪里)。如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气比较清新的地方。Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you. 无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有 if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要)等。在条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句可用用一般现在时表示将来的动作一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：He will return if he finds the truth.如果发现真相，他就会返回。比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有 as.as (和一样), than (比)等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有 so that (以便), in order that (为了)等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboardclearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有 so/such.that. ( 如此以至于)等。注意：so.that.和 such.that.的区别：(1)so.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“so形容词/副词that 从句”。如：She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此美丽以至于我们都喜欢她。(2)such.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“such (a/an)形容词可数名词/不可数名词that 从句”。如：Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天气如此之好，我们每个人都想去爬山。They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them. 这些花如此漂亮，以至于女孩把它们全买了下来。(3)当名词前有 much, many, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so。如：There is so much water left that its enough for a 7-day trip.所剩的水还很多，足够维持七天的旅程。(4)当 little 意为“小”时，仍用 such。如：They are such little sheep that we are worrying about whetherthey can survive the winter.这些羊这么瘦小，我们都担心它们是否能熬过冬天。让步状语从句让 步 状 语 从 句 的 引 导词有though/although (虽然), eventhough/if (即使，尽管)等。如：Although/Though shes not beautiful, shes kind and sincere.虽然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。注意：although/though 不能和 but 连用。