高一英语课件2.ppt

被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态？一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态）主动语态 （2）被动语态）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）八种时态下的被动语态）be + 及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分词can/may/must+ be +过去分词过去分词1) am/is/are +done (过去分词过去分词) 一般现在时一般现在时2) has /have been done 现在完成时现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations for the task have been completedA new cinema is being built hereI was given ten minutes to decide.By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. 6)was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被动结构）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。过去分词。 A meeting was being held when I was there. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2）一些表示）一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于等可以用于句型句型“Itbe过去分词过去分词that从句从句”或或“主语主语be过去过去分词分词to do sth.”。有：有： It is said that 据说据说,It is reported that据报道，据报道，It is believed that大家相信大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。据建议。It is said that the boy has passed the national examThe boy is said to have passed the national exam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have, make, get以及以及感官动词感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday一、系动词一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious.二、某些与二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动等连用的不及物动词，如词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。盒子不能移动。2门不会关。门不会关。The box cant move.The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(耐久耐久), wear(耐穿耐穿), 等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义. 如如:This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily. 这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。小说值得一读。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.四、在动词四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。The trees need watering. Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：1. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。他有几项任务要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.2. 在在“系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，常见句型有：常见句型有：1)n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see.2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy.3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer.课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written7. I have given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go outBCAD16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDBKeys to P37Part 5: 1.are made 2.were, organisedPart 6: 1. has been arranged (arrange 安排）安排） 2.is being collected 3.was being paintedPart 7: 1.is celebrated 2.is splashed(泼，溅）泼，溅） 3.are carried 4.are told 5.is related 6.are washed 7.are raced 8.are launchedPart 8:1.My health is being affected(影响）影响） by stress.2.People are being moved out of the houses.3.The mini-helicopter has already been invented by him.4.The forest fire has been put out(扑灭）扑灭） by them.5.The car was being repaired when I got there.6.The house was being decorated when the accident happened.Lets go to P93 together.