八下unit1现在完成时语法.ppt

Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense现在完成时态 1He has had breakfast.You have studied here for about two yearsWhen did you have breakfast?When did you study in Qingtan Middle School?When do we use Present Perfect Tense?The Present Perfect Tense (现在完成时）现在完成时）一一.现在完成时的含义现在完成时的含义 1. 表示过去已完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与表示过去已完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与“already”、“yet”、“just”等连用；等连用；e.g. He has already had breakfast.(现在饱了现在饱了) 2. 也可表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与也可表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与“since”自从、自从、“for”等连用。等连用。e.g. I have lived here since I was born. 3. 表示一个过去的动作直到现在发生的次数表示一个过去的动作直到现在发生的次数e.g. I have already read this book three times.二、现在完成时的构成二、现在完成时的构成 We have lived in Beijing since we were born. He has already had his lunch. I have just finished my homework.2现在完成时的否定句现在完成时的否定句 1 现在完成时的肯定句现在完成时的肯定句句型句型 主语（第一、二人称单主语（第一、二人称单/复数）复数）+have 主语（第三人称复数）主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数） +has句型句型 主语主语+have/has not(havent/hasnt)+过去分词过去分词 I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then. She hasnt eaten it. They havent finished the work.3现在完成时的一般疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here? Have they eaten supper?4现在完成时的特殊疑问句现在完成时的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?How long have you known each other?What have you finished recently?Yes, have/has.No, havent/hasnt.Yes, I have. / No, I havent.Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.Yes, they have. / No, they havent.三、过去分词的构成三、过去分词的构成原形原形过去分词过去分词 原形原形过去分词过去分词tryvisitmovestopstaychangeownshoplearnrepairtriedmovedstayedownedlearnedvisitedstoppedchangedshoppedrepairedA 规则动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词B 不规则动词的过去分词（书不规则动词的过去分词（书P122）原形原形过去分词过去分词 原形原形过去分词过去分词thinkputcatchcostgivegrowmakehurtwriterunthoughtcaughtgivenmadewrittenputcostgrownhurtrun原形原形过去分词过去分词原形原形过去分词过去分词feelbringfallwearflysinghaveforgetdrinkkeepfeltfallenflownhaddrunkbroughtwornsungforgottenkeptA short test borrow_ hope _ make _ get _ plan _ cry _ send _ watch _ say _ grow _ hit _ enjoy _borrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French. ( (他学过法语。他学过法语。) )这句话所强调的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所强调的结果是他现在懂法语。Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。) ) 这句话所表示强调的结果是这句话所表示强调的结果是 黑板现在是干净的。黑板现在是干净的。用法用法1 1：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响对现在有影响这种用法常与这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次数次数) 等连用等连用. I _ (do) my homework already. He _(not finished) his homework yet. _you ever _(be) to Beijing? We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before. Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in. They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:1. 副词副词already和和yet。already一般用于肯定一般用于肯定句中，句中，yet一般用于否定句和一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。疑问句中。 如如: We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。他们还没有完成作业。 - I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。2. 副词副词ever 和和never。多用于否定或疑问。多用于否定或疑问 句中，表示句中，表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未“等。等。 如如: - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗你曾经去过长城吗?He has just eaten ten apples. 他刚吃完十个苹果。他刚吃完十个苹果。3. 用用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语表示到说话时为止的时间状语, 如如: I have just seen her, but I dont know where she is now . 我刚看见她，但我不知道她现在在哪。我刚看见她，但我不知道她现在在哪。注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film yet. I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet. I have seen the film already. 现在完成时现在完成时 + since +过去的时间点过去的时间点since 1990, since last year句子（一般过去式）句子（一般过去式）since I went to school现在完成时现在完成时 + for + 一段时间一段时间 for three years用法用法2. 表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来时间状语时间状语: since, forShe has lived in Beijing since she was born.She has lived here since 2000.I have studied English for ten years.Complete the sentences using the present perfect tense. (P14 B)1. They _(finish) their homework already.2. John_ never _(visit) China.3. Mr Li _(repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.4. We _(not see) each other for years.5. My parents _(not come)back yet.6. Our teacher _(teach) us a lot about the history of China.has visited have finishedhas repairedhavent seenhavent comehas taughtComplete the conversation using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (P14 C)Millie: (1)_ you _(see) any films recently, Sandy?Sandy: No, I havent. What about you?Millie: I (2)_(see) one last Saturday.Sandy: Whats it about?Millie: Its about changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I (3)_(learn)more about Beijings past and present.Sandy: Oh, I think I _(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again?Millie: Yes, Id like to. Have seen saw have learned have heard用正确时态填空1. Hurry up! Lunch _already _(begin).2. _ he ever _(ride) a bike?3. Liming _(hurt) his arm last week. He _ already _(stay) in bed for five days.4. Yesterday, she _(buy) one book in the bookshop. She _ (not read) it since then.5. I _already _(lose) my pen. _(buy) it two days ago.6. He _ (wait) for an hour.7. I _ (not finish) the work yet.8. _ you _ (know) him since then?has waitedhavent finishedHaveknownhurthasbegunHasriddenhasstayedboughthasnt readhave lostbought9. We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.10. How long _ you_ (stay) at home already?11. He _ (not read) the book before. 12. I _ (hear) from my brother recently.13. Her sister _ (go) to Changchun. She_ (leave) this morning.14. He _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.15. The writer _ (finish) several story- books since 1990.have heardhave beenhavestayedhasnt readhas gonelefthas livedhas finished现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或是过去的动作一直持续到现在，与现在有影响或是过去的动作一直持续到现在，与现在有关。关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他五年前学习了英语。他五年前学习了英语。 He studied English five years ago. （说明他（说明他5年前学习英语到现在并还将继续学下去）年前学习英语到现在并还将继续学下去） （只说明他（只说明他5年前学过英语，现在还学不学未知。）年前学过英语，现在还学不学未知。） 参考数轴图参考数轴图一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。时间状语。 一般过去时一般过去时 ：yesterday, last year, in 2012, two days ago, just now.现在完成时：现在完成时：since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just, over these years, in/over the past few days(在过去的几天里在过去的几天里).He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.( )1. I have finished my homework _. Have you finished your homework _? A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. already, yet D. already, already单项选择单项选择:( )2. I havent seen Kate _ 4 months. A. Already B. since C. for D. yet( )3. He has _ seen the film Harry Potter. So he knows nothing about it. A. already B. ever C. never D. yet ( ) 4. She has been ill in bed _ two days ago. A. since B. in C. during D. for( )5. Have you seen him _? No, I havent. A. already B. never C. ever D. recently( )6. I have _ watched a wonderful film. Its really interesting. A. yet B. just C. just now D. never( )7. Mike _ the bookshop. I have to wait for him. A. went to B. was in C. has been to D. has gone to( )8. Oh, Mrs King, your dress looks very nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought( )9. _you _a ticket for the football match? Not yet. A. Is, bought B. Are, bought C. Has, bought D. Have, bought( )10. What a nice dog! How long have you had it? _two years. A. For B. Since C. In D. Before( )11. Great changes _in China since 1978. A. was happened B. have happened C. have been happened D. happened( )12. Tom _a lot of friends since he came to China last year. A. made B. makes C. is making D. has made( )13. “The World Without Thieves” is a very moving film. I _ it twice already. A. will see B. saw C. see D. have seen( )14. They _ since the factory opened. A. have worked there B. have worked here C. worked there D. worked here( )15. Lucy, _ you _ your ticket? Not yet. A. did, find B. have, found C. has, found D. do, find( )16. What are you going to do this Saturday? I _ yet. A. havent decided B. wont decide C. am not decided D. didnt decide1. He _ (not finish) the homework yet. He will try to finish it quickly.2. My family _ (live) in Nanjing since 1996.3. _ you _ (know) him since then?More practicehasnt finishedhas livedHaveknown4. They _ already _ (decide) to go to Kunming for the holiday.5. We _ (move) to the new flat since last month. 6. The girl _ (learn) English for about two years. havedecidedhave movedhas learned7. My father went to Beijing two weeks ago. I_ (not see) him since then.8. _ Tom _ (write) letters to you recently?9. Jacks mother isnt at home. She _ (go) to the supermarket. 10. The film _ (be) on for about 20 minutes. We missed the beginning.havent seenHaswrittenhas gonehas been 1) 你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？ 2) 我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。 3) Simon曾经去过几次中国曾经去过几次中国? 4) 她刚刚写好两篇文章。她刚刚写好两篇文章。 5) 他们已经去电影院了。他们已经去电影院了。 6) Smith夫妇还没有回来。夫妇还没有回来。 7) 自从上午自从上午9点你就在等他吗？点你就在等他吗？ 8) 人们自从人们自从1998年开始使用这个新机场。年开始使用这个新机场。 翻译：翻译：Have you received your fathers letter yet?I have not seen my aunt for a long time.How many times has Simon been to China?She has just written two articles.They have gone to the cinema.Mr Smith and Mrs Smith have not come back yet.Have you waited for him since 9 a.m.?They have used the new airport since 1998.Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：其相对应的延续性动词： buy borrow open close leave die join begin -have - keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on 1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.标志词：标志词：for +一段时间一段时间, since+过去的时间点过去的时间点, over these years, so far, in the past/last yearsoWe _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.oMr. Green _ (be) in China these years.oThey _(write) 15 songs so far.oThe population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown