2022年2021-2021年高中英语Unit2Growingpains语法定语从句讲练牛津译林版必修1 .pdf

2019-2020 年高中英语 Unit2 Growing pains 语法 定语从句讲练（2）牛津译林版必修1 一、“介词 +关系代词”结构1. 可代替 when, where, why, that等关系词 e.g. There is no reason for which (why)we shouldn t be friends.2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。 e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a piano. 3. that前不能有介词。4. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以跟关系副词when 和 where 互换。e.g. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 二、关系副词的用法关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which 代替where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which 代替why 原因原因状语I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用 for which 代替（一）基本用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where 和 why 分别表示时间，地点和原因。1. when 在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others. =April the first is the day on which people make fun of others. 2. where 在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, on which等取代。 e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago. =This is the house in which he lived two years ago. 3. why why在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。 why 不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。 e.g. This is the reason why he went away. =This is the reason for which he went away. （二）关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写这里的关系代词只限于which 和 whom ，例如I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.We don t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We don t know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 这里 in which 代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式状语。只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用when, where 和 why 代替。（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。试比较下面两组句子：This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced. 第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - The factory produces radios. 而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：Radios are producedin the factory. Do you remember the days (that) we spent together? Do you remember the days when we worked together? 第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spent the days together. 而第二句中关系副词作时间状语：We worked together during the days.（四）一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法1. I don t like the way in which he look at people.当先行词是way 时，除了 in which ，还可以用that来引导定语从句。that 还经常省略。e.g. Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg. 2. Finally came the day when he had to leave his hometown. 当先行词为time, moment, day等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也可以用that引导，that也常省略。又如： It was the first time (that) we had stayed up so late. The moment (that/when) he sent the mail, John realized what a mistake he had made. She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when)I was at university. 三、关系副词的省略：1. the time, every time, each time, the moment等后的关系副词可以省略。 e.g. By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousand English words. 2. 在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可以省略。如the place等。 e.g. This is the place (where) I saw him last time. 3. 先行词 the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。 e.g. The reason (why) he came here is quite clear. 4. 当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。 e.g. I know the way (that) he learns English. 四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面没有宾语，就名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。判断下列句子的对错（） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分( 主、谓、宾、定、状) ，也就能正确选择出关系代词/ 关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例1 D，例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语， when 时间状语， why 原因状语 ) 。语法知识拓展（一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 1. His father died in the year _ he was born. 2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago. 3. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? 4. Recently I bought a beautiful vase _ price was quite reasonable. 5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help. 6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot remember. 7. I will never forget the day _ we first met. 8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for? 9. Is that the reason _ he gave for his terrible behavior? 10. The kind girl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss. （二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in these places. Its warm and wet all year round in these places. _ 2. Shall we go shopping this weekend? Ill have finished all my work by then. _ 3. Sandy is not a very popular singer, because of his strange way. He dances in a strange way. _ 4. Is there any reason? They dont agree with each other on anything. _ 5. How can I forget that birthday? I was caught cheating on that day. _ （三）单项填空1. Do you know the reason Tom didnt e yesterday?A. which B. why C. who D. that 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 3. Is this the reason she gave for not finishing her homework yesterday? A. why B. for which C. that D. to which 4. After the war, a new school was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. which C. when D. where 5. Do you know the reason _ she got so angry yesterday? A. why B. that C. which D. whom 6. Do you believe the reason _ he gave for his being late? A. why B. for which C. which D. it 7. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. when 8. I don t like the way _ you speak to her. A. which B. / C. of which D. by which 9. The old man told us _ the days _ he was poor were gone. A. that, when B. what, when C. when, that D. something, that 10. I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that 11. I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big string onto one of the trees. A. which B. when C. where D .that 12. Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. as B. then C. if D. when 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 13. We are living in an age many things are done on puter. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 14. Winter is the time of year _ the days are short and nights are long. A. that B. which C. when D. whose 15. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city? A. which B. whose C. what D. who 16. Can you suggest a time _ we can meet? A. which B. when C. where D. how 17. These days _ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. A. that B. when C. on which D. at which 18. Nearly all the food _ es from animals and plants. A. that eat B. is eaten C. we eat D. that eats 19. This is _ I can do for you right now. A. which B. that C. what D. as 20. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used tosit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 21. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 22. Egypt is a country _ is famous for its pyramids. A. where B. which C. in which D. at which 23. China is the country _ he spent the best part of his life. A. where B. which C. in that D. at which 24. Have you got anything _ belongs to me? A. which B. that C. of which D. what 25. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 26. I didn tlike the way _ she treated children. A. which B. that C. how D. as 27. He is the only one of the three _ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 28. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose 29. Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 30. It was at our college library _ I borrowed the novel. A. which B. in which C. that D. where （四）改错1. Is this the museum the one the exhibition was held? _ 2. Who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. _ 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 3. That is not the hospital that I stayed last time. _ 4. I am looking forward to the day which I bee independent. _ 5. Why do you believe a person once told so many lies? _ 6. Nobody will forget the earthquake happened in Sichuan. _ 7. He is one of the students who is never late. _ 参考答案（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或 whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. when 2. where 3. when 4.whose 5. why 6. which 7. (when) 8. (that/which) 9. (that) 10. who/that （二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in places where its warm and wet all year round. 2. Shall we go shopping this weekend by which time I ll have finished all my work.? 3. Sandy is not a very popular singer because of the strange way he dances. 4. Is there any reason why they don t agree with each other on anything? 5. How can I forget that birthday when I was caught cheating? （三）单项填空1-5 BBCDA 6-10 CABAA 11-15CDDCB 16-20 BACCD 21-25 ABABD 26-30 BCCCC （四）改错1. Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? 或者 Is this museum the one where the exhibition was held. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. Whoever is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 或者Anyone who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 3. That is not the hospital where/ in which I stayed last time. 4. I am looking forward to the day when /on which I bee independent. 5. Why do you believe a person who/that once told so many lies? 6. Nobody will forget the earthquake that/which happened in Sichuan. 7. He is one of the students who are never late. 2019-2020 年高中英语 Unit2 Growing pains重难点讲练牛津译林版必修 1 1. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. （ P22）爸爸妈妈比预期提早一天度假回来了。【分析讲解】句中 than expected表示“比预期更”，expected 前省略了 they are。如：You did better in the exam than (you had been) expected. 你的考试成绩比预期的要好。相似的结构还有as expected表示“正如预期的那样”。如：Mary got the first place in the game as expected. 正如预料的那样，玛丽在比赛中获得了第一名。【温馨提示】在 Unit 1 P7上有这样一句：CMHS has much more than you expect. 同学们不妨对比一下。2. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. （P22）艾瑞克紧随其后跑了进来，后面跟着条大狗，慢腾腾地走着。【分析讲解】这个句子同时出现了过去分词和V-ing形式。 V-ing形式表示主动或正在发生的动作。如：Who s the girl dancing with your brother? 同你哥哥跳舞的那个女孩子是谁？名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。如：We couldnt agree on any of the problems discussed.我们未能就所讨论的任何问题达成协议。本句中，过去分词短语followed by a big dog修饰艾瑞克，说明艾瑞克被一条大狗跟着；V-ing 短语 walking very slowly修饰大狗，说明狗走得很慢。3. Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he won t respect us. (P23) 也许，不过既然他对我们这么粗鲁，我觉得我们得惩罚他一下，要不然， 他就不尊敬我们了。【分析讲解】 now that 既然 , that可以省略，引起一个原因状语从句。此处now 是个连词，意为“既然，由于”。如：Now that I am in charge at home, I can try things my way. 既然我当家，我可以尝试着按照我的方式来处理事情。词语点击in charge负责 , 掌管Mr. Wang is in charge here. 这儿由王先生负责。in charge of . 照料 , 负责 , 管理During the manager s absence, his secretary was in charge of the business.经理不在期间，他的秘书负责处理各种事物。leave . in charge (of) 交由照管Linda was left in charge of the children. 孩子们由琳达照料。in the charge of . 在掌管、负责下The girl was safely in the charge of a nurse. 这个女孩由一位护士照顾，很安全。【小试】请将下列句子翻译成英语。1 这里由谁负责？2 老师出去的时候，班里由比尔负责。Key：1. Who is in charge here? 2. When the teacher was away, the class was (left) in the charge of Bill / Bill was 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - (left) in charge of the class. surprise n.惊奇 , 诧异 , 惊人之事 , 奇袭The present you gave me was a great surprise. 你给我的礼物是一大惊喜。vi. 使惊奇I can see the news surprised him a lot. 我看得出这个消息使他很吃惊。【派生】adj. surprised惊讶的 adj. surprising 令人惊讶的【例句】 There is a surprised look on his face. 他露出惊讶的神色。They found the ending of the story surprising. 他们发现故事的结局令人吃惊。【小试】请用 surprise及其相关词的适当形式填空。1. The _ sight made the visitors _. 2. The unexpected news _ everyone. 3. We are unhappy to have a _ test today. 4. I decided to give my mother a big _ on Mothers Day.Key: 1. surprising; surprised 2. surprised 3. surprise 4. surprise punish vt.处罚，惩罚【例句】 If you do anything wrong today, you will be punished. 你今天如果做错事的话，就要被罚。【派生】 punishment n.处罚，惩罚unpunished adj. 免受惩罚的【例句】 To avoid punishment, he drove the car carefully. 为了避免受处罚，他谨慎驾驶。Such a serious crime must not go unpunished. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 这种严重罪行必须受惩罚。【小试】请用 punish 及其相关词的适当形式填空。1. Have you ever been _ by your teacher? 2. Is the teacher unfair to let him go _? 3. He said he wouldnt accept the _ from the boss. Key: 1. punished 2. unpunished 3. punishment mark vt. 作记号，作标记，打分【例句】The teacher hasn t marked the test papers. 老师还没有批改试卷。n.标准，成绩【例句】 Who got the highest mark in the test? 谁在考试中得了最高分？n. 名声，印象，影响【例句】He didn t make his mark until his new book came out. 他在新书出版后才成名。n.痕迹，污点，标志【例句】 Do you know what the red marks on the wall mean? 你知道墙上的红色标记意味着什么吗？【小试】下列句中mark 为哪种含义呢？1. Daniel got full marks in the English test. 2. He likes to mark where he cant understand while reading.3. The swimmers can only swim by that red mark. 4. There is a black mark on her white dress. 5. The teacher marked my paper eight out of ten. Key: 1. 分数 2. 做记号 3. 标志 4. 污点 5. 打分Upset vt. 使烦恼，使生气【例句】 The news that her mother is ill upsets her. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 页