2022年新世纪高等院校英语专业综合教程第2版第3册第一单元知识点及课后答案 .pdf

知识点大全Unit 1 Global Reading Structural Analysis of the Text This text is a piece of narrative writing, in which the author tells about her experience during the first year at university, which at first seems to be very awkward but turns out to be on the right track at last. In the text, three incidents are narrated by the author: 1) the first is about her going into the wrong classroom; 2) the second is about her falling down in the cafeteria; 3) the last is about her witnessing the same embarrassing fall happening to someone admired by her. Despite the differences between these three incidents, they actually revolve around one theme : The growth of the author, who is able to draw lessons from the mistakes she has made and finally succeeds in adjusting herself to the college life. Rhetorical Features of the Text Detailed descriptions of events are everywhere to be seen in this text, which is a dominant feature of narrative writing. Since the description of an event will involve a lot of movements or actions, compound sentences and compound-complex sentences have been used frequently in the text. For examples: I first began to wonder what I was doing on a college campus anyway when my parents drove off, leaving me standing pitifully in a parking lot, wanting nothing more than to find my way safely to my dorm room. (Paragraph 1) I settled into my chair and tried to assume the scientific pose of a biology major, bending slightly forward, tensing my arms in preparation for furious note-taking, and cursing under my breath. (Paragraph 5) Detailed Reading Questions 1. Why did the author have the impression that “ everyone on campus was watching me”?(Paragraph 1) The author, being over-sensitive, was uneasy with her identity as a freshman. She thought a new student would attract others attention, as what she did or said was liable to be too na? ve to be right. That feeling is a typical symptom of lacking in self-confidence. 2. Why did the author exclaim “ What confidence, what reserve, what muscles!” when she saw the football player? (Paragraph 2) College life was a new experience to the author. That she marveled at the real football player showed her excitement about her new life. And more importantly, her response revealed her admiration of an image which was almost exactly the opposite of her own. This admiration would later become the motivation of her change. 3. How many questions are used in Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5? Why does the author raise these 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页知识点大全questions? Four elliptical questions are used in these paragraphs. Being a freshman, the author was not well acquainted with campus life. She was at a loss as to what to do when something unexpected happened. These questions are used to show her bewilderment. 4. Why did she dine on junk food for the next three days? (Paragraphs 6-8) Because she thought she had become the laughing-stock on campus. She couldn t stand being laughed at by all the students when she turned up in the cafeteria. 5. What was the key lesson Evelyn Herald learned during her first few weeks in college? (Paragraphs 10-14) The key lesson she learned during her first few weeks in college was that she realized she didn t have to pay too much attention to what other people were thinking about her. The fresh campus life was her big chance to do her own things and be her own person. She might well relax herself and stop worrying about making mistakes because people all grow by trial and error. Group discussion: What lessons have you learned from Evelyn s experiences after reading the article “ Fresh Start” ? Share the experiences when you first came to college. Words and Expressions Paragraph 1 distinct a.clearly seen, heard, felt, understood, etc.; noticeable e.g. Now that the boss was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude. The children have distinct memories of their grandfather in his last days. Comparison: distinct & distinctive distinct: Something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled, etc. e.g. There is a distinct smell of beer in this room. distinctive: It means having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize. e.g. Beer has a very distinctive smell; it s quite distinct from the smell of wine. Practice: One of the _ features of this book is its _ illustrations. 本书特点之一就是具有清楚明了的图解。(Keys: distinctive, distinct) Paragraphs 2-9 clutch vt. hold or grasp tightly; vi. try to grasp or seizee.g. The frightened woman clutched her bags to her breast. He clutched at the rope we had thrown to him but could not reach it. Synonyms: seize, grasp e.g. She seized my arm as she fell. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页知识点大全grasp the essence / main points glimpsen.a quick look at sb. or sth. e.g. I caught a glimpse of our new neighbor. a short experience of sth. that helps you begin to understand it e.g. Her worried face gave me a glimpse of her true feelings. 她的忧伤表情使我感受到她内心的真实感情。reserven.a quality in sb. s character that make them not like expressing their emotions or talking about their problems e.g. Being a man of reserve, Mr. York was never popular with his colleagues. Judy has tried every means to break through the reserve of her stepson. Derivation： reserved a. e.g. The English have a reputation for being reserved. whereaboutsn. approximate location; ad. used to ask in what general area sth. or sb. is e.g. The orphan s whereabouts is / are still unknown. The police have appealed for information concerning the whereabouts of the stolen car used in the robbery. Whereabouts did you grow up? demeanor n. the way sb. behaves, dresses, speaks, etc. that shows what their character is like Practice: 他的举止沉着、稳健。His demeanor was clam and steady. 这个女孩子的态度娴静而谦逊。The girl has a quiet, modest demeanor. scribble (down) v.write sth. quickly and untidily e.g. I scribbled his phone number in my address book. He scribbled down our names. grope v.try to find sth. that you cannot see by feeling with your hands Collocations: grope for e.g. Ginny groped for her glasses on the bedside table. grope around 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页知识点大全e.g. We groped around in the darkness. go somewhere by feeling the way with your hands because you cannot see Collocations:grope your way along / across, etc. e.g. I was groping my way blindly through the trees. tip off. give an advanced warning or hint to e.g. Somebody must have tipped the burglars off that the house would be empty. The police was tipped off about the robbery. goody (pl. goodies)n.sth. that is nice to eat e.g.We bought lots of goodies for the picnic. sth. attractive, pleasant, or desirable e.g. The competition gives you the chance to win all sorts of goodies. Variant spelling: ( British English) goodie flail v. (cause sth. to) wave or swing about wildly e.g. I flailed my arms to get her attention. The baby s feet flailed under the quilt. rear end(informal) the part of your body which you sit on sneakv.go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard Collocation: sneak in / out / away / off e.g. They sneaked off without paying! She snuck out of the house once her parents were asleep. Synonym: creep crunchy-chewy-salty-sweet biteHere the modifier “ crunchy -chewy-salty- sweet ” describes the texture and taste of the fast food, which is crunchy, chewy, salty and sweet. Word formation: The four adjectives are chained up with hyphens to form a new modifier placed before a noun. e.g. a red-hot news story an all-round athlete tiptoe v.walk quietly and carefully on your toes, so that nobody hears you 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页知识点大全e.g. His mother tiptoed into the room. I tiptoed along the corridor. Collocation: tiptoe around (sth.): try to avoid dealing with a difficult or embarrassing subject or problem e.g. They were tiptoeing around the delicate subject of money. poor (old) soul used to show pity for sb. e.g. The poor old soul had fallen and broken her hip. spaghetti 意大利式细面条a type of pasta in very long thin pieces, that is cooked in boiling water macaroni 通心粉 a type of pasta in the shape of small tubes. tagliatelle 意大利干面条a type of pasta that is cut into very long thin flat pieces 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页知识点大全go out to sb. used to say that someone feels a lot of sympathy towards another person e.g. His heart went out to Mrs. Bradshaw and her fatherless child. grin v.show that you are very happy or pleased by smiling widely Collocation:grin from ear to ear: grin very widely slink v.go or move in a quiet, stealthy way; move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seen e.g. She tried to slink (=sneak) out of the office so that nobody would see her. The cat slunk (=sneaked) through the grass toward its prey. Paragraphs 10-14 maliciousa.very unkind and cruel, and deliberately behaving in a way that is likely to upset or hurt sb. e.g. a malicious remark malicious gossip Derivation：malice (n.): a desire to harm sb. because you hate them e.g. He did it through malice. I am quite certain that his wife bears malice to/towards/against (=feels continuing dislike for) me. run with the crowdComparison and translationAn independent man, Peter never goes with the tide. 彼得是个有主见的人，从不随大流。You can do what you want to do, but never follow the crowd. 你想做什么就做什么，可别随大流。Hait hasn t got a mind of his own on any matter of importance; he just swims with the tide. 海特在任何重要问题上都没有自己的主见，他只是随大流。She is always falling into line with the majority. 她总是随大流。shacklen.a metal fastening, usually one of a pair, for encircling and confining the ankle or wrist of a prisoner or captive; ( fig.) a restraint or check to action or progress, often used in the plural form. e.g. The policeman placed shackles on the suspect s hands. It is hard to break through the shackles of habit. SentencesParaphrase / explanation 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页知识点大全1. It took everything I had not to stare when I caught my first glimpse of a real live college football player. (Paragraph 2) Paraphrase: I could not help staring at the football player who was a direct contrast to myself and represented what I had desired but failed to be. 2. I was in the foreground. (Paragraph 3) Paraphrase: Foreground means, as opposite to background, the part of a scene, landscape, etc. nearest, or represented in perspective as nearest, to the viewer, or the most noticeable or conspicuous position. 3. I made my way through the food line and tiptoed to a table, where I collapsed in relief. (Paragraph 9) Explanation: What she meant is that she sat down in relief as no one had noticed her. “ Collapsed” is a hyperbole indicating her anxiety and the contrasting reality that no one actually cared. 4. Probably everyone in the cafeteria had done something equally dumb when he or she was a freshman and had lived to tell about it. (Paragraph 10) Paraphrase: Everyone who had done something dumb had survived the embarrassment (and so was able to recount the experience afterwards). 5. I dressed a little differently until I found the Real Me. (Paragraph 12) Explanation: Metaphorically, she means that she tried different experiences, as if trying on different articles of clothing, until she finally determined what her life should be like. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页