Grammar不定式的讲解.ppt

Infinitive 不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能作谓不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能作谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。 不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成式、和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语式、和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用被动形式。被动形式。 不定式一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语所不定式一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时（或几乎同时）发表示的动作或状态同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。生，或在它之后发生。主动：主动：to do 1. Im glad to meet you.2. She invited me to attend the meeting.3. The boy is old enough to go to school.被动：被动：to be done1. There was nothing to be done.2. Id like to be told whats going on.3. Nothing is allowed to be taken out of the reading room. 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。动词表示的动作同时发生。主动：主动：to be doing1. To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.2. They pretended to be working hard when their boss passed them. 不定式完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作所不定式完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作所表示的动作之前发生。表示的动作之前发生。主动：主动：to have done1. Im the only person in my family to have been in a sandstorm. 2. He is not likely to have got my letter.被动：被动：to have been done1. To have been caught in a sandstorm is a terrible experience.2. The room was said to have been cleaned. 注意：注意：在英语学习中常会遇到一些不带在英语学习中常会遇到一些不带to的的不定式。常见的关于不带不定式。常见的关于不带to的不定式的用的不定式的用法如下：法如下：1. cannot but, cannot choose but 与与 cannot help but 之后的不定式一般都不带之后的不定式一般都不带to，常，常翻译为翻译为“不得不不得不”。I cant but admire her courage. 我不能不钦佩她的勇气。我不能不钦佩她的勇气。He cant choose but do it. 她只好做这事了。她只好做这事了。I cant help but love her. 我不禁爱上她。我不禁爱上她。2. 在连词在连词but之前如有动词之前如有动词do，其后的，其后的不定式不用不定式不用to，即：，即：do nothing but + 动词原形，译为动词原形，译为“只只”；但如果连；但如果连词词but之前的动词不是之前的动词不是do，其后的不定，其后的不定式一般要带式一般要带to。He does nothing but complain. 她什么都不做，只是抱怨。她什么都不做，只是抱怨。The workers do nothing but drink tea and talk to each other. 工人们什么都不做，只是喝茶聊天。工人们什么都不做，只是喝茶聊天。He had no choice but to accept the fact. 她别无选择，只有接受事实。她别无选择，只有接受事实。1. Im travelling during a sandstorm. Its dangerous.2. Experts hope that they will learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures.It is dangerous to be traveling during a sandstorm.Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.3. We were told, “Dont leave the house.”4. The men need to complete the work on the house by the end of the week.5. It seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm.We were told not to leave the house.The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of the week.Most houses seem to have been destroyed by the storm.Check your answers of Exercise 3.1. It is frightening to be working in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon.2. Experts hope to learn more about the movement of sandstorms.3. Id like to be told about the situation before now.4. The work needs to be completed by the end of the week.5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad to have missed it.6. The building has to be finished by the end of the year.7. To see a real sandstorm was very frightening.Finish the following exercises.1. I was watching an interesting TV program about how to make dinners last night when electricity was out, and I couldnt _ to the bed. A. but goingB. help but to go C. help goingD. choose but go2. _ in a heavy rain, Robert fell ill and couldnt but _ for a leave. A. Caught, to askB. Catching, ask C. Catching, to askD. Caught, askDD3. He does nothing but _ (talk).4. The man could do nothing but _ (wait).5. We have no choice but _ (wait).6. They want nothing but _ (succeed).7. How did you spend your weekend, Joe? I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother. A. but didB. but do C. but doingD. but to dotalkwaitto waitto succeedDNo matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent. （2012 浙江）浙江） A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain【答案答案】D【解析解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为可归结为句型：句型：it is +形容词形容词 / 名词名词 + to do / that 。当然。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如也可以做形式宾语，如find / feel it + to do / that 。 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed _ into the sports club. (2012 上海上海) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth., be allowed to do sth., allow doing sth. 。句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里。句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky. （2012 四川）四川） A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案答案】 B 【解析解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接后接动词不定式动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故表示意想不到的结果。故选选B。 When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷）湖南卷） A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open 【解析解析】答案答案D。考查非谓语动词。动词。考查非谓语动词。动词不定式的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的不定式的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。 David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.（2009上海卷）上海卷） A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【解析解析】答案答案C。考查非谓语的用法。考查非谓语的用法。threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事。因为威胁要做某事。因为该句是主动关系所以答案为该句是主动关系所以答案为CShe wished that he was as easy _ （please）as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009广东卷）广东卷） 【解析解析】答案答案to please。在形容词后作主。在形容词后作主补，只能用动词不定式。补，只能用动词不定式。