1203183-3名词性从句——宾&表.ppt

Noun clause as the object & predicative3-3nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语间宾间宾直宾直宾VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语She is happy主语主语 动词动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a book主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThere +beThere is a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语） 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间I boughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly. 从句表达的意思从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多比名词复杂得多1. 为什么叫名词性从为什么叫名词性从句？句？比比较较The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.2. 为什么要有名词性从句？为什么要有名词性从句？那人那人看了看四周看了看四周. (名词作主语名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语从句作主语)名词能做的名词能做的成成分分,从从句都能做句都能做整个从句相当于一个名词整个从句相当于一个名词同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义，一含义，一般是个动作或性质般是个动作或性质1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词: : that / whether / as if (though);连接代词连接代词: : what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever/ whichever连接副词连接副词: : where / when / why / how / because / wherever / wheneverv连词连词: 引导从句，但在从句中不作成分引导从句，但在从句中不作成分 that ：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用whether/if：“是否是否”不作成分，起连接作用不作成分，起连接作用 If只用于只用于宾从宾从中中as if (though)：“好象好象”只连接只连接表语表语从句从句v连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分What(ever)：(无论无论)什么什么; 作主，宾，表，定作主，宾，表，定Which(ever)：(无论无论)哪一个哪一个(些些); 作主作主,宾宾,表表,定定Who(ever) ： (无论无论)谁谁(主格主格); 作主，宾作主，宾Whom(ever)：(无论无论)谁谁(宾格宾格); 作宾作宾whose(ever)：(无论无论)谁的谁的; 作定作定 v连接副词连接副词: 引导从句，作状语引导从句，作状语 vWhen(ever) ：“什么时候什么时候” 作状语作状语 vWhere(ever) ：“什么地方什么地方”vhow ：怎样：怎样vwhy ：为什么：为什么vbecause: 因为因为v疑问词及疑问词及whether或或if引导的从句用陈述句序：引导的从句用陈述句序：疑问词疑问词+陈述句语序陈述句语序在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。我不知道你会来这里我不知道你会来这里.I dont know （that） you will come here.注意：注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去或非正式的文体中常常被省去宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省； Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. （2）当）当that引导介词宾从时，不可省引导介词宾从时，不可省 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.每个人都知道发生了什么事，也都知道她每个人都知道发生了什么事，也都知道她在担心。在担心。（3）宾语从句中用）宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.我们认为帮助他人是我们的责任。我们认为帮助他人是我们的责任。I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.我发现他在两天内完成这工作是不可能。我发现他在两天内完成这工作是不可能。注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移I think he wont come here. I dont think he will come here. 注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。此类表语形容词有此类表语形容词有: afraid anxious aware certain glad happy pleased satisfied sure surprisedif / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. I dont know _ he is well or not.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go. 6. He doesnt care _ it isnt a fine day. 7. Please let me know _ you like it.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif / whether介词后的宾从介词后的宾从都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句紧跟紧跟or not时时加不定式时加不定式时if从句是否定句时一般用从句是否定句时一般用ifif1）请告诉我你是否喜欢。）请告诉我你是否喜欢。2）如果你喜欢）如果你喜欢,请告诉我。请告诉我。whether我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?1. I doubt _ he is telling the truth. 2. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.3. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .4. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? doubt问题问题肯定句中用肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用否定句中用 that 疑定句中用疑定句中用 that if / whether that that if / whether5. 5. 连词连词+ +宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to dovI dont know what I shall do next . I dont know what to do next .vShe didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose .vPlease tell me whom youll give the letter to. Please tell me whom to give the letter to.宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓从句谓语可语可根据句意根据句意需要而选用任一种时态需要而选用任一种时态.a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell mehis dream will come true some day.what you were doing at this time yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me 他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tells ushe was preparing for the exam.he had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.Correction1. The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3. I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4. Can you doubt if she will succeed?5. I worried about if my brother will return in time.whatit necessary that if thatif whether6. She said that she has never told a lie.7. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8. Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.10. That he said moved everyone present.hadleave will leaveThat our football Whatlooked seemed没有没有It look that表达式表达式 1. The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music. 2. My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience. 3. The question is _ he will be present or not. 4. What troubled him was _ he could get the money. thatthatwhetherwhether/where/howthat不省略不省略表语从句不用表语从句不用 if视情况视情况而定而定表语表语从句从句as if /as though从句可表虚拟She talks as if /as though she had been there before . as if 1. It looks _ its going to rain again.2. 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent is _ he was ill.3. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill.4. He is seriously ill. Thats _ he is absent today. reason 后面的后面的表语从句表语从句只能用只能用that 引导引导, 不不能用能用why 引导引导, 但但reason后面的定语从句可后面的定语从句可以用以用why 或者或者that 引导。引导。whythatthatthatbecausewhy注注 意：意：1. 在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能时，只能用用 “whether”不能用不能用“If”。2. 表语从句中，表语从句中， “that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because . 这是因为这是因为 It is /was why. 这就是为什么这就是为什么3. The reason (why/for) is /was that.4 The reason is because /why表语从句表语从句 从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 典型错误及归纳找找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether规规律三：律三：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下下可以借助可以借助 “it” 而后置。而后置。1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 名名 词词 性性 从从 句句11. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (北京北京)12. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (山东山东)13. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (浙浙江江)whatwhat WhatWhat whatwhat 14. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? (陕西陕西)15. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (上海上海)16. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. (天天津津)17. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江浙江)wherewhere thatthat whenwhen WhoeverWhoever 18. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (湖南湖南)19. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (天津天津)20. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. (浙江浙江) thatthat howhow wherewhere 宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个)5. It depends on if we have enough time. whether we have enough time.介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6. Are you sorry for which you have done? what you have done?介词后面不用 whichthat 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面M