定语从句高考考点整理.ppt

定语从句高考考点例析This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1） 2） 3）1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 与与which的区别的区别5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题解题思路解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。等。the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语Have a try5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( )6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( )8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( )定语定语介宾介宾宾语宾语状语状语考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which3. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，修饰时，用用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用thatthat。e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.n6.若主若主句中有疑问代词若主若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? nA. that B. which C. where D. it考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的固定搭配，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的固定搭配，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用一部分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + + of + 关关系代词系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5. Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名的先行词是时间名词，词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。做状语。e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when B D考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之，反之则用则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 考点六考点六:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。ExercisesExercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation, case, scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseABCDCorrect the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_ that _whyit_Correct the sentences:13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14. That was the reason because she looked old.15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.aswho_giveswhyCorrect the sentences:17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_hasAsthat_Correct the sentences:21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24. The bike by which I travelled was his.as_Whose_that_on_定语从句定语从句 专项练习专项练习Exercise 1.1. They talked about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. 2. Any boy _ wants to play can do so.3. She is the prettiest girl _ Ive ever seen.4. She is going to get married, _ her mother told me.5. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.6. I like the place _ we visited last Sunday.7. I like the place _ we stayed last Sunday.(that)that(that)whichwhen / on which(that / which)where / at which8. The hotel at _ we are staying is very expensive.9. The hotel _ we are staying at is very expensive.10.The library _ we borrow books is very large.11. I hope to get such information _ he is using.12. Well give you such information _ will help you.13. He is not the same man _ he was.14. She has as many books on physics _ I have.15. _ we all know, he is an honest man.16. He _ we all know, is an honest man. which(which / that)from whichasasasasAsasExercise 2.1. The boys _ are planting trees on the hill are middle school students.2. The student _ we visited yesterday is a famous artist.3. Aunt Wang is looking after the little child _ parents have gone to Shanghai.4. He lives in the room _ windows face south. He lives in the room whose windows_ face south.5. He likes to use the dictionary _ was published in 1986.who/that(whom/who/that)whosewhoseof whichwhich6. This is the house _ we lived last year. This is the house in _we lived last year. This is the house _we lived in last year.7. Is this the book _ she is looking for?8. The girl _ is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.9. We are ready to do something _ is of some help to others.10. The first book _ I read last term was an English novel. 11. We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _ you are talking about.12. Who is the boy _ was here just now?where / in which which(which)(which / that)that / whothat(that)(that)that13. Such stamps _ you have collected are very valuable.14. This is the same pen _ I used yesterday. This is the same pen _ I used yesterday.15. Gone forever are the days _ we were oppressed.16. The last time _ I saw her was a fine morning in May.17. Two years ago, I was taken to the village _ I was born.18. Do you know the reason _ she doesnt like drawing?19. I was the only person in my office _ was invited.asthataswhen(that)where / in whichwhywho /that20. Toms father, _ is over sixty, still works hard day and night.21. Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, _ is what his patents expect.22. _ everybody knows, Tom cant be that tall.23. They have just returned from Boading , _ I was born.whowhichAswhere