2022年有机化学Ⅰ复习题答案 .pdf
学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆第一章烷烃1 ( 1)2,6-二甲基 -3, 6-二乙基辛烷(2)2, 2-二甲基 -4-乙基己烷( 3)2,2,4-三甲戊烷(4) 2,3-二甲基 -4-正丙基 -4-异丁基辛烷( 5)3-甲基 -4-乙基己烷(6)2-甲基 -3-乙基己烷( 7)2,5-二甲基 -3-乙基己烷(8)3-甲基 -7-乙基 -6-异丙基 -4-叔丁基壬烷2CH3CH2CH2CH3-CH-CH2CH3CH3CH2CHCH3-CCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH(CH3)2CH3CH2CHCCHCH2CH3CH3CCCH3CH3CH3CH3(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)3(1) CH3-CH-CH-CH3CH3CH3(2) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3-C-CH2CH3CH3CH3(3) CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3(4)CH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH34HCH3HHCH3HHCH3HHCH3HClBrHClBrHHBrClHBrCl(1)(2)5 ( 1) 、 (3) 、 (4) 、 (5) 、 (6)对化合物相同, (2)为构造异构。6 ( 1)CAB (2)CBEFAD (3)CBAD (4)BAC(燃烧焓为负值,数值B 最小, C 最大)7乙烷和新戊烷中的伯氢的相对活性=1/62.3/12=2 2.3。8伯氢有9 个,氯代产物有34%+16%=50% ;仲氢 2 个,氯代产物28%,叔氢 1 个,氯代产物为 22%,所以氯代反应氢的活性比为:1H 2H 3H =50%28%22%92112.549CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH3+ Br2CH3-CH-CH2-CH2BrCH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH2BrCH3-CH-CHBr-CH3CH3CH3-CBr-CH2-CH3CH3(A)(B)(C)(D)+因为伯氢仲氢叔氢=1801600,所以,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆1 9+80 2+160011 380 21600 11 61 9+80 2+1600 11 9+80 2+160011 9+80 2+16001(A) =(B) =(C) =(D) = 0.17%= 0.33%= 9.05%= 90.45%10 RH + t-BuO R + t-BuOH R + t-BuOCl RCl + t-BuO11链引发(CH3)3C-O-O-C(CH3)32(CH3)3C-O30(CH3)3C-O+ (CH3)2CH(CH3)3COH + (CH3)2C链增长 (CH3)2C+ CCl4(CH3)2CCl + Cl3CCl3C + (CH3)2CH (CH3)2C CH3Cl +第二章烯烃1 ( 1)2-乙基 -1-戊烯(2)4-甲基环己烯(3) (Z) 4-甲基 -3-溴-2-戊烯(4) (Z)2,4-二甲基 -3-己烯(5) (E) 3,4-二甲基 -5-乙基 -3-庚烯(6) (Z)2,2,5-三甲基 -3-乙基 -3-庚烯2CH3CH=CHCH2=CHCH2CH3CH2=CCCH3CHCH(CH3)2HCCH3CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3CH(CH3)2C CClH2CClBrFCCH3CH2CH3CCH2CH3Br(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)3 ( 1)CBD A (2) D ECB A (3)DBAC 4完成下列反应式(4)(5)(6)(1)(2)(8)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)(3)(13)CH3OCHClCH3O2NCH2CH2ClCH3Br(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3CH3CHClCH2Br + CH3CH(OH)CH2Br + CH3CHBrCH2BrCH3CHO + OHCCH2CHO + CH3COCH3Cl-CH-CH3BrF3C-CH2-CH2ClCH3OHCH3-CH-CH-CH3OH OHCH3-CCH3CH3CHCH2BrOHCH3-CCH3CH-CH2BrCH3OHCH3COCH2CH2CH2CH(CH3)COOHBrCH3CHCH=CH2精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆5(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)CH3CH2CH2CH3ClHClCH2CH2CH3H3CH+BrHBrHCH3OHCH3HHOHHOHOHHHCH3HHHOHOHCH3+H3CCH3CH3BrHH3CCH3CH3HBr+HOHCH3H+6 ( 1)烯烃与氯气加热 -H 氯代是自由基历程,机理如下:Cl2 2ClCl + CH3CH=CH2 CH2CH=CH2 + HClCH2CH=CH2 + Cl2 ClCH2CH=CH2 + Cl链引发链增加( 2)先 H+亲电加成生成碳正离子,然后碳正离子重排。H+CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3-C-CH-CH3CH3-C-CH-CH3CH3CH3H2OCH3-CCH-CH3CH3CH3H2O-H+CH3-CCH-CH3CH3CH3OH重排CH3-C-CH=CH2( 3)先 H+进攻双键生成较稳定的碳正离子,然后碳正离子作为亲电试剂再进攻分子内另一双键成环碳正离子,最后脱去邻位一个H+生成产物。(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2H3CCH3H+(CH3)2C-CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2H3CCH3H-H+( 4)亲电加成,碳正离子重排反应。CH=CH2CH3CH3CH2ClOH+ Cl+CH-CH2ClCH3CH3CH2ClOH-重排( 5)通过碳正离子重排生成更稳定的烯烃。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆CH3CH3CH2H3CCH3H3CH+CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3H3CCH3CH3-H+(6)亲电试剂H+首先进攻双键碳形成仲碳正离子,与邻位氢原子重排后生成较稳定的叔碳正离子,然后与Cl-结合生成产物。CH3-C-CH2CH3CH3ClCH3-CH-CH=CH2 + H+CH3CH3CH3-C-CH-CH3HCH3-C-CH-CH3CH3HCl-重排仲碳正离子叔碳正离子(7)与 H+离子生成仲碳正离子,与邻位碳链可重排成较稳定的叔碳正离子,然后脱去一个邻位 H+生成较稳定的烯烃(双键上支链较多的烯烃)。H3CCH=CH2H+CH3CH3重排仲碳正离子叔碳正离子H3CCH-CH3H3CCH3H-H+7CH3CHBrCH3CH3CH=CH2OClH2C-HCCH2CH3CH3CO(CH2)4COOHBrBrOH(1)(2)(3)(4)NaOH, 醇CH3CH=CH2HBr过氧化物Cl2CH3CO3HCH3KMnO4/H+HOBr CH3CH2CH2BrClCH2CH=CH2Cl2CH3ClNaOH, 醇NaOH, 醇精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆CH3OHOHOHOHOH(5)(6)Cl2B2H6H2O2/OHKMnO4/OHCF3CO3HH2O/H+光照CH3CH3Cl2CH3ClNaOH, 醇ClNaOH, 醇 CH2ClCHClCH2ClCH2=CHCH2ClCH2=CHCH3Cl2/CCl4Cl2高温CH2-CH-CH3ClClCl2/CCl4Cl2,光照(副反应太多 ,不好 )CH3CH3HHOHCH3CH3BrH2O2/OH-B2H6KOH, 醇Br2光照(7)(8)8CH2CH3H+CH3+H-H+CH3BrBrOCH3CO(CH2)4COOHCH3OHCCH2CH2CHO + CH3COCHOKMnO4/H+O3Zn,H2OKMnO4/H+NaOH, 醇(A)(B)(C)(D)(3)CH3CH2CH3CH3CH3HOBrHOBrCH3CH3BrOHH3CBrCH2CH3OHH3COHCH2CH3Br+(A)(B)(C)(D)CH3CH3CH3COCH2CH2COCH3H2O3Zn/H2O(W)CH3-C=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CC(H3C)2HCHCH2CH3HCC(H3C)2HCHHCH2CH3CH3-CH-CH-CH2CH2CH3CH3BrCH3-CH-CHCH2CH2CH3CH3OH(CH3)2CHCH2-CHCH2CH3(CH3)2CHCH-CH2CH2CH3OHOH(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)CH3-CH-CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3123456(2)(1)第三章炔烃和二烯烃精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆1 ( 1)2,2,5-三甲基 -3-己炔(2)3-戊烯 -1-炔(3)7-壬烯 -1, 5-二炔(4)1-戊烯 -4-炔(5)1,6-辛二烯 -4-炔(6) ( 3Z,5Z)-2,6-二甲基 -3-乙基 -4-溴-3,5-辛二烯2(1)ADCB (2)BA CD ( 3)ABCD (4)DCAB (5)BA D C ( 6)DCBA 3(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)CH3CCNaCH3CC-CH3CCH3CHHCH3CH3CCMgBrCH3CCCH2CH3CCH3CHCH2CH3HC-CH3OCH3CH2CH2CHBr2CHC-CH2CHBrCH3COOH + CO2CHOCH3COOCH3COOCH3H3C-OCH3-C-CH3BrBrCH3ClCH3CH3-C=CH-CH2Cl+CH3CH3OOOCH3-C-CH=CH24CH CH3CH2CH2C CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3Cu2(NH3)2ClBr2/CCl4COC=O=O砖红色沉淀褪色无变化白色沉淀无变化+-+-无变化CH2=CH-CH=CHCH3HCC-CH2CH2CH3CCH2CH3CH3CCu2(NH3)2Cl砖红色沉淀无变化无变化+-无变化+-(1)(2)丁烷1-丁烯1-丁炔1,3-丁二烯Br2/CCl4Ag(NH3)2NO3COC=O=O无变化褪色白色沉淀-+褪色褪色+无变化-无变化-无变化-白色沉淀+(3)5 ( 1)将混合气体通过足量的浓硫酸中进行洗气,出来气体为纯的乙烷。因乙烯溶解于浓硫酸。( 2)将混合气体通过足量的Cu2(NH3)2Cl 溶液,出来气体为纯的乙烯。因乙炔生成了沉淀。( 3)将混合气体通过足量的丁烯二酸酐溶液,出来气体为纯的丁炔。因1,3-丁二烯转化为沉淀。6精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆HCCNaCH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CCHH2O2/OH-B2H6CH3CH2BrHCCHNaNH2CH2=CH2HBr+H2Pd-BaSO4CH3CH2CCHCCH3CHCH3HHBr+H2Pd-BaSO4CCH3CH3CCH3CH2CCH3BrBrKOH, 醇CH3HOHOHCCH2Cu2Cl2-NH4ClHClCHH2PtCH3CH=CH2CH3KMnO4/OH-CH2=CH-CCH2=CH-CH=CH2BrBrCH2BrCH2BrBr2CCl4CH2BrCH2BrCH2BrCH2BrBr2CCl4(1)(2)(3)(4)7本题均为碳链增长的合成,可利用炔钠烷基化反应来实现,至于生成酮、醇、顺反式烯,则利用炔烃的化学性质来转化CH3CH2-C-CH3=OCH3CH2CH2CH2OH(1)(2)(3)(4)CCH3CHHCH3HCCHNaNH2H2Pd-BaSO4HClCH2=CH2CH3CH2ClHCCNaH2OHg2+,H2SO4HCCHHCCCH2CH3HCCHNaNH2H2Pd-BaSO4HClCH2=CH2CH3CH2ClHCCNaHCCHHCCCH2CH3B2H6H2O2/OHCH3CH2CH2CHOH2PtHCCHNaNH2H2Pd-BaSO4HClCH2=CH2CH3CH2ClHCCNaHCCHHCCCH2CH3H2Pd-BaSO4CH3CH2CBr2CH32HBrKOH醇CCH3CH3CNa,NH3(L)HCCHNaNaCCNaHCCHH2Pd-BaSO4HClCH2=CH2CH3CH2ClCCH2CH3CH3CH2CCCHH3CH2CHCH2CH38 ( 1) 、 (4)碳链增长,利用炔钠烷基化反应,(2) 、 (3)利用双烯合成生成六元碳环精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆(2)(4)HCCHNaNH2HCCNaH2OHg2+,H2SO4B2H6H2O2/OHH2Pd-BaSO4(1)(3)CHOCH2ClHOHOCCH3CHCH2CH=CH2HOBrHBrRO-ORCH2ClHCCHNaNH2HCCNaCH2ClCl2CH2ClCH2ClCl2CH3CO3HH2O/H+C-CH2CH=CH2CH3CCH3CCNaCH2ClCH=CH2CHCH3CNaNH2Cl2第四章脂环烃1 ( 1)1,3-二甲基 -1-乙基环戊烷(2)3-甲基 -1-异丙基环己烯( 3)2,5-二甲基 -1, 3-环戊二烯(4)反 -1,3-二甲基环己烷( 5)6-甲基螺 4 5癸烷(6)7-甲基螺 2 4-4- 庚烯( 7)2,7,7-三甲基二环 2 21庚烷(8)8-甲基 -4-氯二环 420-2-辛烯( 9)2,8-二甲基 -5-乙基二环 440-2,8-癸二烯2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)CH3CH3CH3CH3CH2-CH-CH-CH-CH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3CH2CH3CH3CH33(1)(2)(3)(4)CH(CH3)2CH3CH3CH3(H3C)3CCH2CH3C(CH3)3CH3C(CH3)3(5)H3CCH3CH3CH34精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)CH3C-CH-CH3CH3CH3BrBrBrBrCHOOBrBrBrBr+COOCH3Br( 三,四元环同时打开形成稳定的五, 六元环 )COOH+O(8)5KMnO4/H+Br2/CCl4无变化褪色沉淀无变化褪色-+无变化褪色-+无变化-+丙烷环丙烷丙烯丙炔Ag(NH3)2OH第五章芳烃1 ( 1)3-溴叔丁苯(2)2-溴-5-硝基苯磺酸(3)3-(3-甲基苯基)丙烯(4)2, 2-二甲基 -3-苯基丁烷(5)2-(3-氯苯基) -2-(4 氯苯基) -1,1-二氯乙烷(6)3,4 -二甲基联苯(7)6-硝基 -1-萘酚(8)9-甲基 -2-氯蒽(9)10-甲基 -7-硝基 -1-氯菲21)C D BA (2)CADB (3)ABDC (4)CABD 3 ( 1)1 或 3 (2) 2 或 4 (3)2 (4)1 或 3 (5)1 或 3 (6)6、8 或 9 ( 7)1 (8)4 或 6 4 ( 1) (2) (4) ( 6) (十轮烯)(7)没有芳香性; (3) (5) (8)有芳香性。5(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9)CH=CH-CH2Br(8)CH(CH3)2H3CC(CH3)3C-CH2CH2COOHOC-NHOClHOOCC(CH3)3C-OONO2CH-CH2-CH3BrCH3CH3C(CH3)3NO2HOOCNO2(10)Cl(11)(12)(13)(14)COCH3+NO2COCH3HOOCNO2HO3SH3CCH3精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆6(1)H2SO4 + H2SO4 SO3 + H3O+ + HSO4-+ SO3HSO3-+HSO4-SO3-H3O+SO3H(2)首先形成烷基碳正离子,重排为稳定的叔碳正离子,然后作为亲电试剂进攻苯的空间位阻小的邻位形成络合物,最后脱H+生成产物。H3CCH3CH2CH3H3CCH2CH2CCH2ClCH3CH3+ AlCl3H3CCH2CH2CCH2+CH3CH3H3CCH2CH2CCH2+ + AlCl4-CH3CH3H3CCH2CH2CCH2CH3CH3H-H+H3CCH3CH2CH3重排进攻邻位(3)形成酰基碳正离子,作为亲电试剂亲攻乙烯的键,形成新的烷基碳正离子,然后与苯环发生亲电取代生成产物(虽然CH3-O-是较强的邻对位基,但亲攻其间位形成六元环要比亲攻其邻位形成七元环要稳定的多)。AlCl3OH3CO-H+H3COCH2COClH3COCH2COCH2=CH2H3COCH2C-CH2-CH2+OOH3COH亲电取代7 (1)叔丁基的体积大于甲基,硝化时因空间位阻,所以甲苯的邻位产物要高于叔丁基苯。(2)苯与 CH3Cl 在 AlCl3作用下生成甲苯后,因甲基是活化基,活性比苯高,所以易发生进一步取代反应,生成二取代、三取代等多取代产物。而CH3CO是钝化基团,生成苯乙酮的活性少于苯,不再发生进一步的酰基化反应。8精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆(1)(2)(3)CH3BrBrCH3H2SO4100 Br2,FeH3O+CH3SO3HCH3SO3HBrBrH2SO4100Cl2,FeCH2CH3ClSO3HCH2=CH2 + HBr CH3CH2BrCH3CH2BrAlBr3CH2CH3CH2CH3SO3HCH3H2SO40CH3SO3HHNO3H2SO4CH3SO3HNO2H3O+O2NCH3Cl2hvO2NCH2ClAlCl3CH2NO2COOHBrCH3ClClSO3HNO2CH2C CHC-CH3O(4)(5)(6)CH3KMnO4/H+Br2/FeCOOHH2SO4Cl2/FeClClSO3HHNO3/H2SO4CH3H2SO4Cl2/FeCH3SO3HCH3ClSO3HH3O+CH3Cl2hCH2ClCHCHNaNH2CHCNaCH2=CH2HClCH3CH2ClAlCl3CH2CH3Cl2hCCl2CH3NaOH,H2O(7)(8)9精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆CH=CHH3CCH31molH2HOOCCOOHHOOCCOOHBrBr2/CCl4H3CCH3CHBrCHBrKMnO4/H+(A)(B)(1)CH3CH3CH3C CHCH3CH2CH3COOHCOOHCOCOOH2-H2KMnO4/H+Cu(NH3)2ClCH3CCCuH2O(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(2)第六章立体化学1 (2R, 3R)-2,3-二氯丁烷与(2S,3S)2,3-二氯丁烷是对映异构体,(4)数值相等,方向相反,其它性质完全相同。(2R,3R)-2,3-二氯丁烷与(2R,3S)-2,3-二氯丁烷是非对映异构体,所有性质均不相同。2 ( 1) (2R,3S)-2,3-二溴丁烷(2) (2S, 3S)-3-氯-2-丁醇(3) (S) -2-氯-2-溴丁烷(4) (1S, 3R)-3-溴环戊醇(5) (1R,2S)-1,2-二氯环己烷或顺1,2-二氯环己烷(6) (2R,3E)-2-羟基 -4-氯-3-戊烯酸3 ( 1)同一化合物(均为R 构型)(2)对映体( R, R 与 S,S)(3)非对映体(R,S 与 R,R)(4)对映体( S与 R)(5)同一化合物(有对称面)(6)对映体( S,S 与 R,R)(7)非对映体(R,S 与 R,R)(8)非对映体(S,R 与 R,R)4 ( 1)3 个不同手性碳原子,8 个异构体( 2)2 个相同手性碳,3 个异构体( 3)有 2 个手性相同碳原子,可产生1 对对映体和2 个内消旋体( 4 个构型异构体) 。COOHCOOHOHOHOHCOOHCOOHOHOHCOOHCOOHOHCOOHCOOHOHHOHOHOHOHO对称面对称面(4)2 个不同手性碳,一个能产生顺反异构的双键,8 个异构体(5)有 2 个完全相同手性碳原子,可产生3 个构型异构体(6)1 个手性碳原子,2 个异构体(7)2 个完全相同的手性碳原子,3 个异构体( 8) 1 个手性碳原子,一个双键顺反异构,4 个异构体5精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆HOHHOHCH3H3CHCH3BrH3CHCl(1)(2)(3)(4)BrHCH3ClCH3HBrHCH3ClH3CHClHC6H5HClCH3ClHClC6H5HOHHHCH3H3CHOHOHCH3HOHCH3ClHCH3HClC6H5H3CHOHCH3HOHCH3HOHOHCH3HOHH3CCH3HO-HO-HCH3H氢键稳定CH3HOHCH3H无氢键6CH2CH3BrHBrCH3BrCH3BrCH3BrBrCH3H2CCH2OO+ 2HCHOO3Zn/H2O(CH3)3OK+(A)(B)(C)(D)C-CH3CH3CH3CH-CH2CH3CH3(A)(B)CH2-CH-CH3CH3(C)H3CH2CCH2CH3CHCH3H3CCH3(D)CH2-CH-CH2ClCH3CH-CH-CH3CH3ClH3CH2CCH-CH3ClCHCH2ClH3CCH3(G)(G)(E)(F)(D)*(1)(2)第七章卤代烃1(1)2-甲基 -4-氯戊烷(2)1-甲基 -2-溴甲基环己烷(3)1-(邻氯苯基) -2-氟乙烯(4) 10-甲基 -7, 10-二溴二环 4,2,1癸烷(5) (R) 2-氯-2-溴丁烷(6) (S)3-溴-2,3-二甲基戊烷(7) (2R,3S)3-甲基 -3-氯-2-溴戊烷(8) (2R, 3S)2,3-二氯戊烷(9) (反) 1,3-二溴环己烷或(1R,3R)1,3-二溴环己烷2 (1)SN2 反应,空间位阻大小,BADC ( 2)SN1 反应,碳正离子稳定性,BCAD ( 3)B CAD ( 4)DB CA 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆( 5 CAFB DE ( 6)A CDB FE ( 7)D ABC ( 8)ACEB D ( 9)碱性越弱,越易离去,DAC FBE 3 ( 1)AB,SN2 机理, B 空间位阻大(2)BA,SN1 机理, B 生成碳正离子稳定(3)AB,SN2 机理, A 亲核性强(4)BA,SN2 机理, B 溶剂极性弱(5)AB,SN2 机理, A 亲核性强(6)AB,A 离去基团易(7)BA,B 生成共轭烯烃稳定(8)BA,SN2 机理, B 空间位阻小(9)BA,SN2 机理, B 亲核性强(10)BA, SN1 机理, B 生成碳正离子稳定。4SN1 历程:(2) (5) (7) (8) (9) ;SN2 历程: ( 1) (3) (4) ( 6) (8)5CH3CH3(1)(2)(3)(4)HOH2CCH=CHCl(5)(6)CH3(CH3)2CHCN(CH3)3C-OHOHOHCH3OH+CH3CH2CHCH3CN(R)CH3(7)CHBrCH3(8)(9)(10)BrBrOOOCHBrCH3ClCHCH3ClMgBrCHCH3ClD6HC2H5CH3CH3HHOHH3C(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)IHCH3CH2CH3(1)SN1SN2E2CH3HOHH+CCHCH3H3CHE2E2CCHPhCH3C2H5E2( 其中双分子消去反应立体化学是卤素与邻位H处于反式位置是消去)7精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆HClCH3CH3CH3CH3-Cl-H+H3CH+CH3CH3CH3H+HCH3H3COH-OH-HCH3CH3OHCH3HOHCH3SN1-OH从位阻小一侧进攻(R)(S)(S)(1)(2)SN2 机理,发生两次构型翻转,产物构型与原反应物相同CClHCH3C2H5I-CClHCH3C2H5ICHCH3C2H5ICOHHCH3C2H5CHCH3C2H5ICHCH3C2H5IOH-Cl-I-OH-(R)从Cl背面进攻构型翻转为 S从I 背面进攻构型翻转为 RCH3HDCH3HBrC2H5O-C2H5OHCCHH3CCH3HCCH3CDCH3HBrHHDCH3CH3H3CBrHHDCH3(A)(B)C2H5O-C2H5OH(3)8A 中有 OH,可使格氏试剂分解,B 中羰基可与格氏试剂反应生成叔醇,C 有两个卤素,在 Mg 作用下可发生脱卤素反应,生成环 D 有活性炔氢E 中有醚键, 氧孤对电子可与-MgBr形成较稳定的配合物9加AgNO3-醇溶液,立即有沉淀是苄氯,加热后有沉淀是氯代环己烷,在另二种无沉淀的试样中加Br2/CCl4,能褪色是甲基环丙烷,不褪色为氯苯。10 CH3(1)CHOOCH3BrCH3Br2KOH-C2H5OHO3Zn-H2O精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆HCCHCH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH3OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CHOO(2)(3)(4)NaNH2H2,Lindar CatHCCNaCH2=CH2HClCH3CH2ClHCC-CH2CH3CH2=CHCH2CH3HBrROORBrCH2CH2CH2CH3HCC-CH2CH2CH2CH3HgSO4-H2SO4H2OHCCNaH2,Lindar CatBr2,FeMg,Et2OHBrROORCH2BrCH2CH3H2,PtNaOH,H2ONaOCH2CH2CH3BrMgBrCH2CH2CH2BrCH2CH=CH2CH3CH=CH2 CH2BrCH=CH2NBS3H2NiCl2AlCl3Br2CH3CH2ONaCH3CH2OHO3Zn-H2OBrCl( 注: 直接烷基化反应重排为异丙苯)(5)CH2-CH-CH2OHOHOHCH3CHCH3ClKOH-C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2CH2ClCH=CH2CH2-CH-CH2ClClClCl2Cl2/CCl4hvKOH-H2OCH3CH2CH2ClCH3CHCH3Cl(6)KOH-C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2CH2ClCH=CH2Cl2hvH2NiNCCN(7)Cl2H2NiClCH2CH=CHCH2ClClCH2CH2CH2CH2ClNaCNHCCHClHCCCl2(8)KOH-C2H5OHCl2/CCl4HCCHClClClCl(9)OHKOH-C2H5OHCl2hvKOH-H2OClBrNBSHCCHCH3CH2-C-CH3ClCl(10)HCCNaCH3CH2ClHCCCH2CH32HClNaNH2CH2=CH2HClH2/Lindar精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 17 页学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆OOOOZn-HgHClSOCl2(11)AlCl3C-CH2CH2-COOHOCH2CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2CH2COClAlCl311CH2CH3H+CH3+H-H+CH3BrBrOCH3CO(CH2)4COOHCH3OHCCH2CH2CHO + CH3COCHOKMnO4/H+O3Zn,H2OKMnO4/H+NaOH, 醇(A)(B)(C)(D)(1)CH3-C=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CC(H3C)2HCHCH2CH3HCC(H3C)2HCHHCH2CH3CH3-CH-CH-CH2CH2CH3CH3BrCH3-CH-CHCH2CH2CH3CH3OH(CH3)2CHCH2-CHCH2CH3(CH3)2CHCH-CH2CH2CH3OHOH(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)CH3-CH-CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3123456(2)选择题1B 2B 3A 4C 5D 6A 7B 8C 9D 10D 11D 12A 13B 14A 15D 16D 17B 18C 19B 20 B 21A 22A 23D 24D 25B 26D 27B 28C 29C 30B 31D 32B 33D 34B 35C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 17 页